본문 바로가기
KERD
논문KCI 등재

한국판 미래심상과제의 타당화

Validation of the Korean Version of the Prospective Imagery Task

임형민|이슬아|권석만
한국임상심리학회 (Korean Clinical Psychology Association)|2021.02|Korean Journal of Clinical Psychology|제40권 제1호|pp. 103-113|DOI http://doi.org/10.15842/KJCP.PUB.40.1.103

1

조회

0

다운로드

4

인용

0

참고문헌

키워드

우울depression심상심상화 능력미래심상과제mental imageryimagery abilityprospective imagery task (PIT)
주제분류심리과학

초록

심상(Imagery)은 외부 자극 없이 감각정보를 경험하는 것으로, 다양한 정신장애의 원인과 유지에 중요한 역할을 하며 장애의 치료에서도언어적 개입보다 더 큰 정서변화를 유발하는 것으로 알려져 왔다. 최근 연구들은 우울장애의 핵심 증상을 긍정 심상화 능력의 결함으로보고 심상개입의 효과에 대해서 연구하고 있지만, 아직 국내에서는 긍정 및 부정 심상화 능력을 측정하기 위한 적절한 도구조차도 없는 실정이다. 따라서 본 연구에서는 긍정 및 부정 심상화 능력을 측정할 수 있도록 개발된 미래심상과제(Prospective Imagery Task, PIT)를 번안하고 요인구조를 분석하였고, PIT보다 모형적합도가 우수한 20문항의 한국판 미래심상과제(the Korean version of Prospective Imagery Task, K-PIT)를 구성하였다. 총 347명의 대학생 표본을 대상으로 확인적 요인분석을 실시한 결과, 한국판 미래심상과제는 PIT와 동일하게서로 독립적인 두 요인(긍정 심상화 능력, 부정 심상화 능력)으로 구성되어 있었다. 내적 신뢰도는 적절한 수준이었으며 수렴 및 변별 타당도 역시 양호한 것으로 나타났다. 더불어 K-PIT를 사용하여 긍정 및 부정 심상화 능력과 우울의 관계를 확인한 결과, 우울은 긍정 심상화능력과 부적 상관을 보이고 부정 심상화 능력과 정적 상관을 보이는 것으로 나타났다. 본 연구에서 타당화한 한국판 미래 심상과제는 추후우울 뿐만 아니라 다양한 정신병리에서 심상과 관련된 기제 및 심상개입의 효과를 측정하기 위한 연구에 유용하게 활용될 것으로 기대된다. 마지막으로 본 연구의 시사점 및 한계와 후속 연구를 위한 제언을 논의하였다.

Abstract

Imagery is the experience of sensory information without external stimulation. It is known to play a significant role in the development and maintenance of mental disorders. It also induces greater emotional change compared to verbal interventions in the treatment of disorders. Although recent studies have investigated the effectiveness of imagery intervention, viewing the major symptoms of depression as a lack of positive imagery abilities, there is no official tool yet in Korea to measure positive and negative imagery abilities. Thus, this study adapted and analyzed the Prospective Imagery Task (PIT) to measure these abilities and constructed a Korean version (K-PIT). This version is composed of 20 questions and has a better goodness-of-fit than the PIT. Similar to the PIT, however, the K-PIT contains two independent factors (i.e., positive and negative imagery abilities). A confirmatory factor analysis was conducted with 347 university students. The results showed an adequate level of internal confidence and good discriminant validity. Moreover, the relationship between positive and negative imagery abilities and depression was identified. The results depicted depression as being negatively and positively correlated with positive and negative imagery abilities, respectively. The K-PIT validated in this study can be used in future studies to measure the effectiveness of mechanisms related to imagery for various psychopathologies, including depression and imagery intervention. Finally, the implications and limitations of this study and suggestions for further studies are discussed.

참고문헌 (65)

  1. Abramson, L. Y., "Hopelessness depression : A theory-based subtype of depression", Psychological Review, 96, pp.358~372 (1989)
  2. Abramson, L. Y., "Learned helplessness in humans : Critique and reformulation", Journal of Abnormal Psychology, 87, pp.49~74 (1978)
  3. Anderson, R. J., "Mental time travel in dysphoria : Differences in the content and subjective experience of past and future episodes", Consciousness and Cognition, 37, pp.237~248 (2015)
  4. Arntz, A., "Emotional memory is perceptual", Journal of Behavior Therapy and Experimental Psychiatry, 36, pp.19~34 (2005)
  5. Beck, A. T., "Depression: Clinical, experimental, and theoretical aspects" (1967), University of Pennsylvania Press
  6. Bockting, C. L., "A lifetime approach to major depressive disorder : The contributions of psychological interventions in preventing relapse and recurrence", Clinical Psychology Review, 41, pp.16~26 (2015)
  7. Brewin, C. R., "Autobiographical memory for trauma : Update on four controversies", Memory, 15, pp.227~248 (2007)
  8. Brewin, C. R., "Intrusive images in psychological disorders : Characteristics, neural mechanisms, and treatment implications", Psychological Review, 117, pp.210~232 (2010)
  9. Browne, M. W., "Alternative ways of assessing model fit", Sage Focus Editions, 154, pp.136~136 (1993)
  10. Butler, G., "Cognitive-behavioral therapy for anxiety disorders: Mastering clinical challenges" (2010), Guilford Press
  11. Chon, K. K., "Integrated adaptation of CES-D in Korea", The Korean Journal of Health Psychology, 6, pp.59~76 (2001)
  12. Clark, L. A., "Tripartite model of anxiety and depression : Psychometric evidence and taxonomic implications", Journal of Abnormal Psychology, 100, pp.316~336 (1991)
  13. Conway, M. A., "Sensory–perceptual episodic memory and its context: Autobiographical memory", Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society of London B: Biological Sciences, 356, pp.1375~1384 (2001)
  14. Conway, M. A., "The construction of autobiographical memories in the self-memory system", Psychological Review, 107, pp.261~288 (2000)
  15. Cuijpers, P., "Adding psychotherapy to antidepressant medication in depression and anxiety disorders : A metaanalysis", World Psychiatry, 13, pp.56~67 (2014)
  16. Galton, F., "Visualised numerals", Nature, 21, pp.252~256 (1880)
  17. Galton, F., "Inquiries into the human faculty & its development", pp.57~78 (1883), Macmillan
  18. Grey, S., "Effects of training on interpretation of emotional ambiguity", Quarterly Journal of Experimental Psychology Section A: Human Experimental Psychology, 53, pp.1143~1162 (2000)
  19. Hackmann, A., "Oxford guide to imagery in cognitive therapy" (2011), Oxford university press
  20. Hollon, S. D., "Enduring effects for cognitive behavior therapy in the treatment of depression and anxiety", Annual Review of Psychology, 57, pp.285~315 (2006)
  21. Holmes, E. A., "Mental imagery in emotion and emotional disorders", Clinical Psychology Review, 30, pp.349~362 (2010)
  22. Holmes, E. A., "Mental imagery in depression : Phenomenology, potential mechanisms, and treatment implications", Annual Review of Clinical Psychology, 12, pp.249~280 (2016)
  23. Holmes, E. A., "Mental imagery as an emotional amplifier : Application to bipolar disorder", Behaviour Research and Therapy, 46, pp.1251~1258 (2008)
  24. Holmes, E. A., "Prospective and positive mental imagery deficits in dysphoria", Behaviour Research and Therapy, 46, pp.976~981 (2008)
  25. Hu, L. T., "Cutoff criteria for fit indexes in covariance structure analysis : Conventional criteria versus new alternatives", Structural Equation Modeling : A Multidisciplinary Journal, 6, pp.1~55 (1999)
  26. Ji, J. L., "Emotional mental imagery as simulation of reality : Fear and beyond—a tribute to Peter Lang", Behavior Therapy, 47, pp.702~719 (2016)
  27. Ji, J. L., "Seeing light at the end of the tunnel : Positive prospective mental imagery and optimism in depression", Psychiatry Research, 247, pp.155~162 (2017)
  28. Keller, M. B., "Time to recovery, chronicity, and levels of psychopathology in major depression : A 5-year prospective follow-up of 431 subjects", Archives of General Psychiatry, 49, pp.809~816 (1992)
  29. Kim, J. H, "An Effect of guided imagery applied to hemodialysis patients", doctor, pp.1995
  30. Kim, J. T, "Relationship between Trait Anxiety and Sociality", master, pp.1978
  31. Kim, J. W., "Intolerance of Uncntainty and Problem Orientation in Worry", Annual Report of the Korean Psychological Association, 1, pp.83~92 (1998)
  32. Kosslyn, S. M., "The medium and the message in mental imagery : A theory", Psychological Review, 88, pp.46~ (1981)
  33. Kosslyn, S. M., "Neural foundations of imagery", Nature Reviews Neuroscience, 2, pp.635~642 (2001)
  34. 권혜경, "낙관성이 진로태도성숙 및 학교생활만족도에 미치는 영향-성취동기와 자아강도를 매개변인으로-", 한국심리학회지: 상담 및 심리치료, 16(4), pp.723~741 (2004), 한국상담심리학회
  35. Lang, T. J., "Cognitive bias modification using mental imagery for depression : Developing a novel computerized intervention to change negative thinking styles", European Journal of Personality, 26, pp.145~157 (2012)
  36. Lee, G. S., "Factor analysis of the korean version of the state-trait anxiety inventory n patients with anxiety disorders", Korean Academy of Anxiety and Mood, 4, pp.104~110 (2008)
  37. 이현희, "한국판 정적 정서 및 부적 정서 척도 (Positive Affect and Negative Affect Schedule; PANAS)의 타당화 연구", Korean Journal of Clinical Psychology, 22(4), pp.935~946 (2003), 한국임상심리학회
  38. Lee, S. W, "Efficacy of the Image Rescripting Training for Social Phobia", master, pp.2010
  39. Libby, L. K., "Picture yourself at the polls : Visual perspective in mental imagery affects self-perception and behavior", Psychological Science, 18, pp.199~203 (2007)
  40. MacLeod, A. K., "Anxiety, depression, and the anticipation of future positive and negative experiences", Journal of Abnormal Psychology, 105, pp.286~289 (1996)
  41. MacLeod, A. K., "Affect, emotional disorder, and future-directed thinking", Cognition & Emotion, 10, pp.69~86 (1996)
  42. Mathews, A., "Induced emotional interpretation bias and anxiety", Journal of Abnormal Psychology, 109, pp.602~615 (2000)
  43. Mathews, A., "Induced processing biases have causal effects on anxiety", Cognition & Emotion, 16, pp.331~354 (2002)
  44. Mathews, A., "Feels like the real thing : Imagery is both more realistic and emotional than verbal thought", Cognition & Emotion, 27, pp.217~229 (2013)
  45. Meyer, T. J., "Development and validation of the penn state worry questionnaire", Behaviour Research and Therapy, 28, pp.487~495 (1990)
  46. 민혜원, "미래에 대한 심상적 처리가 즐거움 경험 및 무쾌감성 우울에 미치는 영향", Korean Journal of Clinical Psychology, 38(2), pp.157~170 (2019), 한국임상심리학회
  47. Morina, N., "Prospective mental imagery in patients with major depressive disorder or anxiety disorders", Journal of Anxiety Disorders, 25, pp.1032~1037 (2011)
  48. Murphy, S. E., "Imagining a brighter future : The effect of positive imagery training on mood, prospective mental imagery and emotional bias in older adults", Psychiatry Research, 230, pp.36~43 (2015)
  49. Paivio, A., "Imagery and Verbal Processes" (1971), Psychology Press
  50. Paivio, A., "Dual coding theory : Retrospect and current status", Canadian Journal of Psychology, 45, pp.255~287 (1991)
  51. 박승진, "우울성향 대학생의 미래에 대한 긍정적 생각과 자살사고의 관계", Korean Journal of Clinical Psychology, 38(2), pp.145~156 (2019), 한국임상심리학회
  52. Pearson, D. G., "Assessing mental imagery in clinical psychology : A review of imagery measures and a guiding framework", Clinical Psychology Review, 33, pp.1~23 (2013)
  53. Pearson, J., "Mental imagery : Functional mechanisms and clinical applications", Trends in Cognitive Sciences, 19, pp.590~602 (2015)
  54. Pylyshyn, Z. W., "What the mind's eye tells the mind's brain : A critique of mental imagery", Psychological Bulletin, 80, pp.1~24 (1973)
  55. Radloff, L. S., "The CES-D scale : A self-report depression scale for research in the general population", Applied Psychological Measurement, 1, pp.385~401 (1977)
  56. Reisberg, D., "Intuitions and introspections about imagery : The role of imagery experience in shaping an investigator's theoretical views", Applied Cognitive Psychology, 17, pp.147~160 (2003)
  57. Roepke, A. M., "Depression and prospection", British Journal of Clinical Psychology, 55, pp.23~48 (2016)
  58. Scheier, M. F., "Distinguishing optimism from neuroticism(and trait anxiety, self-mastery, and self-esteem) : A reevaluation of the Life Orientation Test", Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 67, pp.1063~ (1994)
  59. Sheehan, P. W., "A shortened form of Betts’ questionnaire upon mental imagery", Journal of Clinical Psychology, 23, pp.386~389 (1967)
  60. Spielberger, C. D., "Manual for the state-trait Anxiety inventory" (1970), Consulting Psychologists Press
  61. Stöber, J., "Prospective cognitions in anxiety and depression : Replication and methodological extension", Cognition & Emotion, 14, pp.725~729 (2000)
  62. Szőllősi, Á., "Depressive symptoms are associated with the phenomenal characteristics of imagined positive and negative future events", Applied Cognitive Psychology, 29, pp.762~767 (2015)
  63. Watson, D., "Development and validation of brief measures of positive and negative affect : The PANAS scales", Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 54, pp.1063~1070 (1988)
  64. Williams, A. D., "Positive imagery cognitive bias modification(CBM)and internet-based cognitive behavioral therapy(iCBT) : A randomized controlled trial", Journal of Affective Disorders, 178, pp.131~141 (2015)
  65. Zu, S., "A comparison of cognitive-behavioral therapy, antidepressants, their combination and standard treatment for Chinese patients with moderate–severe major depressive disorders", Journal of Affective Disorders, 152, pp.262~267 (2014)

관련 논문AI추천

미래에 대한 심상적 처리가 즐거움 경험 및 무쾌감성 우울에 미치는 영향권석만, 민혜원, 이슬아한국임상심리학회 · Korean Journal of Clinical Psychology2019 · 제38권 제2호긍정 미래 심상 개입이 우울 경향군의 미래 심상, 행동, 우울에 미치는 영향: 과정 중심, 결과 중심, 중립 심상 개입의 비교박효빈, 임종민, 장문선, 정현석한국상담심리학회 · 한국심리학회지: 상담 및 심리치료2023 · 제35권 제3호Validating the Korean Impact of Future Events Scale: Assessing Pathological Imagery임종민, 장문선, 정현석한국임상심리학회 · Korean Journal of Clinical Psychology2024 · 제43권 제1호삽화적 미래사고 구체성과 불안 및 우울 간의 관계이아롱, 이훈진한국건강심리학회 · 한국심리학회지: 건강2023 · 제28권 제3호자살 심상 척도의 개발 및 타당화고선주, 유성은한국임상심리학회 · Korean Journal of Clinical Psychology2020 · 제39권 제1호Effect of Positive Mental Imagery Stimuli on Anhedonic Depressive Symptoms박미정, 박수현한국임상심리학회 · Korean Journal of Clinical Psychology2022 · 제41권 제1호

이 간행물의 다른 논문 (7건)

아동기 학대 경험과 데이트 폭력 행위: 거부민감성과 냉담-무정서 특질의 매개효과최현정, 이승규pp. 1-11반추와 사회적 회피의 관계: 자기제시동기에 의해 조절된 정서적 소진의 매개효과김향숙, 정민지pp. 12-28Moderating Role of Thin-ideal Internalization in the Relationship between Negative Affect and Eating: An Ecological Momentary Assessment Study전주영, 박수현pp. 29-42CBCL 일반정신병리와 조절곤란 프로파일의 요인구조: 아동복지시설 심리장애 아동을 대상으로김은영, 하은혜pp. 43-59스마트폰 중독 위험 대학생에 대한 인지적 탈융합 개입의 효능조용래, 한경호pp. 60-72
원문 보기