Biodegradable Adhesive Interfaces for Bioelectronic and Biomedical Applications

Abstract

Conventional surgical closure methods, including sutures, staples, and clips, are invasive and often result in secondarytissue damage, inflammation, and patient discomfort. Accordingly, polymer-based adhesive interfaces inspired by biological adhesionhave emerged as promising alternatives. However, several traditional adhesives are nonbiodegradable and may cause chronic immuneresponses owing to their long-term presence in the body. Recent advances in biodegradable materials have enabled the developmentof adhesive interfaces that naturally degrade after fulfilling their function. These systems are particularly relevant to bioelectronics,where stable and biocompatible adhesion to soft tissues is essential for reliable sensing, signal transmission, and device integration. This review highlights the latest progress in biodegradable adhesive interfaces designed for robust and long-term attachment to biologicalsurfaces. In this review, we classify adhesive systems into two main categories: (1) hydrogel-based interfaces that undergodegradation through the breakdown of their crosslinking networks, and (2) bioinspired three-dimensional structures that emulate theadhesion strategies found in nature. Additionally, we explore the principles of material design, various degradation pathways, andemerging research directions, particularly in relation to their integration into wearable and implantable bioelectronics