Triboelectrification-Based Ultrasound Detection

Abstract

Ultrasound-to-electric signal conversion based on the triboelectric effect has emerged as a promising strategy for overcomingthe inherent limitations of conventional piezoelectric ultrasound sensors, including structural complexity, high fabricationcosts, and material constraints. In this review, we comprehensively examine the fundamental mechanisms and recent advances inultrasound detection and energy harvesting, with a focus on triboelectric nanogenerators (TENGs). Particular focus is placed on ultrasound-driven TENGs (US-TENG), addressing key developments in device architecture, material engineering, and packaging techniquesthat facilitate effective transduction of ultrasonic excitation into mechanical deformation and subsequent electrical output viaelectrostatic induction and contact electrification. In addition, we discuss the potential of US-TENGs for integration into self-poweredsensors and energy modules that are applicable to implantable medical devices and wearable electronics, highlighting their promisefor overcoming the drawbacks of existing sensor platforms. This review offers a current and comprehensive overview of TENGbasedultrasound sensing technologies, highlighting their technological significance, current challenges, and prospects in the fields ofsensing and energy conversion.