동학농민운동과정에서 나타난 집강소(執綱所)의 지방자치 기능

Abstract

So far, the analysis of the Jipgangso that appeared during the Donghak Peasant Movement that occurred in 1894 has been conducted. the results are as follow. First, the reason for the emergence of Jipgangso was that in the late Joseon Dynasty, when the functions of the central government were paralyzed, local leaders could no longer lead a normal life due to plunder and exploitation, and foreign forces invaded the economy. Furthermore, in order to realize an equal society through the abolition of the caste system in Joseon society and to prevent the outflow of Joseon’s rice grains to Japan, a central organization for the realization of autonomous politics and administration centered on farmers was needed. am. Second, the organization and structure of Jikgangso could be divided into Jeolla-do and Jeollajwa-do with Daedo-so (大都所) as the main headquarters. And the organization of each jipgangso was organized into four organizations: executive agency, medical agency, escort force, and aiding agency. The role of Jikgangso was analyzed to have played a role as a peasant uprising organization, a central and local political and administrative organization, and a military organization. Third, as for the local autonomy function of the Jipgangso, first of all, in terms of the beneficiaries of the operation of the Jipgangso, the beneficiaries of the Jikgangso were not the ruling class such as Confucian scholars and yangban, but performed the function targeting the absolute majority of farmers and the lower classes centering on the lower class. In addition, looking at the form of the representative of the Jipgangso operation, the Jipgangso representative only represented the beneficiaries of the farmers, but did not govern the beneficiaries. And looking at the operation of the Jikgangso, it was structured with both a decision-making body and an executive body. Therefore, Jipgangso was not simply an advisory body for the administration of the government, but developed a core function that carried out actual residents’ autonomy by proceeding with the execution of policies for local residents.