전반적 발달 장애아를 위한 음악치료 진단평가 도구의 개발 연구
Development and Implementation of a Music Therapy Assessment for Pervasive Developmental Disorders.
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이 연구의 목적은 전반적 발달 장애를 가진 대상자를 음악치료사가 사정할 수 있도록 연구자가 개발한 도구의 신뢰도와 타당도를 검증하는 것이었다. 이 연구는 3단계의 진행과정으로 구성되었다. 첫 단계는 도구의 각 항목들을 검증하는 것이며, 두 번째 단계에서 사정 도구에 대한 내용을 12명의 관련 전문가들과 24명의 음악치료사들이 검증하였고, 마지막으로 1쌍의 음악치료사들이 10명의 아동들에게 수정, 보완된 도구를 현장에서 직접 시행해 봄으로 도구의 타당도와 신뢰도를 검증하였다. 1단계와 2단계의 결과를 바탕으로, 초기 120 문항으로 개발되었던 사정 도구가 수정되고 개정되어 총 110개의 항목을 가진 진단평가 도구가 임상 현장에 적용되었다. 4명의 관찰자들을 두 그룹으로 분류하여 10명의 장애 아동에게 각 1쌍의 관찰자가 이 도구를 시행한 결과, 항목들 간에 평균 0.97의 내적 일치도를 보여 각 평가 영역에 속해있는 항목들이 동질성을 가진 것으로 나타났으며 0.98의 매우 높은 관찰자간 신뢰도 계수가 산출되어 두 관찰자 간의 측정에 차이가 없는 것으로 나타났다. 또한 각 관찰자들에 의해 측정된 평가 영역들 중 대상자가 보이는 가장 낮은 기능 영역에 대한 일치도가 9명의 대상자에서 보고되었다. 따라서 이 연구의 결과는 연구자가 개발한 도구가 전반적 발달 장애를 가진 대상자들에게 음악치료를 시행하기 위해 음악치료사가 그들의 강점과 약점을 사정하는데 사용할 수 있는 충분한 신뢰도와 타당도를 가진 도구임을 제시하고 있다.
Abstract
The term "assessment" in the music therapy is used with specific meanings, neither diagnosis nor evaluation. It is an information-gathering stage related with a client that precedes and directs the treatment process. The purpose of this study was to determine whether a researcher-developed assessment tool is a reliable and valid instrument when used by music therapists to assess clients who have pervasive developmental disorders. The study consisted of three phases: identifying items for the instrument; pilot administration the initial instrument with 12 experts and 24 music therapists; and modifying and administering the instrument in its revised form to 10 developmentally disabled children by four music therapists. The validity and reliability of the instrument were statistically verified throughout the process. Through the Phase 1 and 2, the instrument was modified and revised according to the participants' agreement on the items, and a 110-item version of the instrument was administered. As the result, it yielded good internal consistency with an average Cronbach's alpha of 0.97 and excellent inter-rater reliability coefficient of 0.98 (p< .001). These findings suggest that the instrument is reliable and valid when used by a music therapist to assess the strengths and weaknesses of the target population who have been diagnosed as pervasive developmental disorders.
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