루소에 있어서 사적 가정교육과 공적 시민교육의 통합문제

Abstract

Against the popular opinions that Rousseau advocates with the motto "back to nature" only the private education this paper tries to make evident the ambivalent character of the concept "nature". Look back is namely to identify with look forward. Nature means rather a rational reconstructed practical idea (the second nature) for the analysis of the present society than a initial state (the first nature) of the mankind. This idea of the "nature" enables me to understand Rousseau ́s thoughts of the natural education as a dialectical combination of the private and public education, which I explain here with the idea of the "education of the freedom and for the freedom". Education as humanization of the human being is possible and inevitable because man is enable to make himself perfect. It can be then actual only when the natural freedom grows to be the moral freedom according to the education and the social contract (general will) respectively, in other words, when the private education stands in connection with the public education. Key Words: Nature, Private education, Public education, Education of the freedom and the freedom, perfectibilité.