단독행위 테러범의 사례연구 분석 - 외로운 늑대 개념의 비판적 논의 -
Characterization of “Lone Act Terrorists" through critical discussion of the concept“Lone Wolf”
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2011. 9. 11 테러 이후 개인 단독 테러행위는 다양한 용어로 정의되고 있다. 특히 대중적으로 사용되고 있는 표현이 ‘외로운 늑대(Lone Wolf)’이다. 하지만 이 표현은 특정 테러범의 사례와 대중의 호기심 자극이라는 측면에서 유행되었고 실제 개인 테러범의 특징을 대표할 수 없다. 연구 결과, 개인 테러범은 자기애 성향이 강하고 편향적인 인지적 왜곡 현상으로 본인의 감정을 표출하기를 원한다. 또한 테러목적으로 인터넷과 사회적 네트워크를 활용하는 등 고립되어 있지 않다. 이러한 특성을 고려할 때 개인 테러범의 정의는 ‘외로운 늑대(Lone Wolf)’보다는 ‘단독행위 테러범(Lone-Actor Terrorist)’으로 통합할 필요가 있다. 그리고 이러한 특성들을 고려하여 국내에서 개인테러행위에 대한 예방 및 대응전략 수립도 가능하다. 이 연구는 단독행위 테러범의 사례를 통해 심리 및 행동특성을 분석하였고, 이를 근거로 개인테러범의 용어를 객관적으로 재정의하는 시도를 하였다. 또한, 향후 테러관련 대테러정책 수립과정에서 정책적 시사점을 제시하였다.
Abstract
Terrorism at the individual level, a form of homegrown terrorism that has attracted attention since 9/11, is defined in many terms. In particular, the commonly used expression is “Lone Wolf." However, this expression is popular in terms of limited cases of certain terrorists and stimulating public curiosity, and cannot represent the characteristics of individual terrorists. Individual terrorists want to express their feelings through cognitive distortions that are psychologically biased and self-loving. They are using the Internet as such tools, and have demonstrated their behavioral characteristics, such as using a certain level of social networking to share information with terrorists. Individual terrorists, known for their “lone wolf," form a certain level of networking and operate through the Internet. Considering the psychological and behavioral characteristics of individual terrorists, the definition of individual terrorists should be integrated into “Lone-Actor Terrorists" rather than “Lone Wolf." In addition, considering these psychological and behavioral characteristics, strategies for preventing and responding to terrorist attacks can be established in South Korea. The purpose of this study is to objectively redefine the terms of individual terrorists based on psychological and behavioral characteristics through the main examples of individual terrorists.
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