칸트의 실천이성에 따른 교육의 과제

Abstract

This paper analyzes Kant's practical reason related to human life in the age of widespread moral destruction in order to explore a transcendental condition of moral behavior and what the task of current education is. The argument can be summarized as follows: First, we human beings have found a transcendental, moral principle by reason, and are subordinate to the moral principle of one’s own accord and follow it with free will. We are also predisposed to good will. Good will as a free will is transcendentally inherent in the reason, and it is independent of the whole natural tendencies and is conscious of the laws of morality. Human beings intuitively have a transcendental freedom, and so by recognizing this, humans can be moral beings. Transcendental freedom is the basis of moral principle. Through this human beings can escape from the laws of cause and effect. Second, because humans only become virtuous through education, education must consist of steps of ethical training, enculturation, civilization, and moralization. This has to foster individual capacity, social individualization, and moral individualization. Accordingly the first consideration in education is a formation of moral character. To put into practice the contents we have learned through education, we should form our disposition. To overcome the customs that we have attained by discipline, we also need to act according to principles of autonomy. For these, the power of reason can be formed through Socratic dialectic. We need to cultivate ethical nature of judging and doing for oneself. To become a moral person, we must escape from the tendency of desire naturally. This means that the learner will get inner freedom and conduct the moral practices out of respect for moral law.