포스트휴먼 시대의 학교교육의 변화와 교사전문성의 방향
The Transformations of Schooling and the Direction of Teacher Professionality in the Posthuman Era
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본고는 급속한 과학기술의 발달에 따른 포스트휴먼적 교육환경과 학습자의 등장이 학교교육의 성격을 어떻게 변화시키고 그에 따라 교사의 역할이 어떻게 변할 것인가에 대해 논의하고자 하였다. 이를 위해 본고는 크게 두 가지 연구문제―포스트휴먼 시대의 학교교육의 성격은 어떻게 달라지는가와 그에 따른 교사전문성의 역할과 방향은 무엇인가―를 설정하였는데, 첫 번째 연구문제를 위해 본고는 포스트휴머니즘의 개념과 성격을 정리하였고, 포스트휴먼적 학교교육의 변화를 세 가지 측면―지식의 성격, 학습자의 존재론적 성격, 그리고 학습 원리의 변화―에서 논의하였다. 이어서 두 번째 연구문제와 관련하여 본고는, 포스트휴먼적 교사가 세 가지 주요한 역할-네트워크 시스템적, 뉴미디어적, 그리고 사이버네틱스적 교사-을 수행해야 함을 강조하였고, 포스트휴먼적 교실에서 교사의 위상이 어떻게 자리매김하게 될지를 세 가지 시나리오―인간과 기계의 완전 융합, 인간 교사의 주도성, 그리고 적절한 역할 분담―차원에서 논의하였다. 마지막으로 포스트휴먼적 교사전문성의 방향을 세 가지 핵심 요인-기술문해력, 사물접근성, 그리고 평가전문성-의 차원에서 제시하였다. 본고의 논의는 기술문명 중심으로 급변하게 될 미래의 교실 환경에서 교사의 위상과 역할에 대한 연구 및 논의의 토대의 역할을 할 수 있을 것이다.
Abstract
This study aims to reflect upon the changes of the nature of school learning facing the emergence of posthuman conditions and to discuss how teacher professionality could properly respond to them. For this, this study sets out with two research questions: how the characteristics of school learning change and what the roles and directions of teacher professionality should be. The first question is addressed by explaining, first of all, the notion and theoretical strands of posthumanism and then by discussing the changes of posthuman schooling, in terms of the nature of knowledge, ontological understanding of learners, and posthuman learning principles. The second question is addressed by emphasizing three roles of posthuman teachers―network system, new media, and cybernetics―and by analyzing three scenarios of teachers’ positioning in posthuman classroom―i.e. complete merge, human teacher leading, or division of responsibility. Finally this paper suggests three kernel requirements of posthuman teachers, which are technology literacy, affordance to materials, and professionalism in assessment. It is expected that these considerations could broaden the space of discussion for posthuman education.
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