『小學』의 교육적 원리 연구

Abstract

This study is for going into the educational principle of Hsiao-hsueh(小學, Elementary Learning). It analyzes the aim of Hsiao-hsueh by focusing on criticizing against intellectual theory, and the attitudes cultivated through studying Hsiao-hsueh. This study is summarized as follows: Hsiao-hsueh education is aimed to cultivate good nature while having a good relationship with others and playing a socially given role in their lives. And knowledge and attitude that is cultivated turough studying Hsiao-hsueh is start point of next stop, the study of Ke-wu-chih-chih((格物致知, investigating things and extending knowledge). The attitudes cultivated through studying Hsiao-hsueh are can be understood through three concepts; Respectfulness(恭敬), Participation(參與) and Reflection(省察). Hsiao-hsueh teaches children to practice Respectfulness as a good attitude to treat others. The ways of practicing Respectfulness suggested in Hsiao-hsueh are common in everyday life, such as maintaining a good appearance, soft speech, and a bright face, or responding after understanding emotions or desires of others, and so on. Hsiao-hsueh teaches children to play a general role as a member of the society, thus leads them to realize that they themselves are participating in a society as a member. Hsiao-hsueh considers it important for one to reflect everyday life such as one's words and behaviors in the light of other model cases. Hsiao-hsueh education cultivate values and attitudes of Respectfulness, Participation and Reflection in the middle of appropriate practice. Education of Hsing-ri-hsueh(性理學) understands that good character nourished by acknowledging of "what is innate nature' is fundamentally connected to attitudes of life. And Hsiao-hsueh education is the curriculum of forming basic attitudes nad values.