다중운집행사에서의 군중관리와 군중통제 및 군중행동에 관한 연구 -문헌연구를 중심으로-
A Study on Crowd Management and Crowd Control and Crowd Behavior in Multi-crowd Gathering Events -Based on Literature Research-
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초록
2020년부터 시작된 코로나-19의 장기적인 영향으로 막혀있던 실외 일상이 엔데믹 국면에 들어서면서 사회적인 봉쇄가 풀어짐에 따라 대규모 군중이 모이는 다양한 지역축제 및 공연 등 실외 행사가 늘어나고 있다. 또한, 국민의 생활 수준이 향상되어감에 따라 삶의 여가활동을 즐기기 위한 활동이 증가하고 있으며, 공공장소에서의 군중이 운집하는 행사의 개최 빈도수도 증가하고 있는 추세이다. 국민의 욕구를 만족시키고 다양하고 새로운 산업영역 및 지자체 중심으로의 다중 군중운집 행사가 경쟁적으로 개최되며, 행사의 안전확보에 대한 경각심을 일으킬 수 있는 문제점 대응의 필요성이 나타나고 있다. 실제로 최근 발생한 이태원 압사 참사를 비롯한 크고 작은 피해 사고가 국내 뿐만 아니라 세계 도처에서 발생하는 등의 문제가 대두되었다. 따라서, 본 연구에서는 첫째, 세계 도처에서 최근 5년간 발생한 다중운집행사 밀집사고를 정리해 보고, 둘째, 군중관리와 군중통제의 차이점을 살펴보았다. 셋째, 군중행동을 연구한 국내 연구가 매우 미흡함을 인지하고, 이에 관한 국내·외 선행 문헌연구를 진행하였다. 넷째, 군중관리 및 군중통제 시에 필수적으로 고려해야 할 주요 관심사항을 제시하였다. 마지막으로는 문헌연구에 의존한 본 연구의 한계를 벗어나고자 후속연구의 필요성을 제시하고, 군중관리 및 군중통제의 대응 방안을 논의해 보았다.
Abstract
As outdoor daily life, which had been blocked due to the long-term effects of COVID-19, which began in 2020, entered an endemic phase, social blockades were gradually lifted, and outdoor events such as various local festivals and performances where large crowds gathered are increasing. In addition, as people's living standards improve, activities for enjoying leisure activities in life are increasing, and accordingly, the frequency of holding events in which crowds gather in public places is also increasing. In accordance with this movement, multi-crowd gathering events are being held competitively in various new industrial areas and local governments that satisfy the needs of the people, and the problem of risk that can raise awareness about securing the safety of the event is emerging. In fact, problems such as large and small accidents, including the recent Itaewon stampede, have occurred not only in Korea but also around the world. Therefore, in this study, first, the mass accidents of multi-crowd gathering events that have occurred around the world for the last 5 years were summarized, and second, the differences the concepts between crowd management and crowd control were examined. Third, recognizing that domestic research on crowd behavior was very insufficient and limited, pre-existing domestic and foreign precedent literature research on this area was conducted. Fourth, major points of interest to be considered essential for crowd management and crowd control were presented. Finally, in order to overcome the limitations of this study, which relied on literature research, the necessity of follow-up research was suggested, and countermeasures for crowd management and crowd control were discussed.
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