朝鮮後期 浮休門派의 사상과 문파의식

Abstract

A study of Buddhist history in the latter period of Joseon has stayed out of students' interests till now. The existing students have taken a traditional view or a modern view of Buddhism in the latter period of Joseon. Because the former hold a biased view to support a thought and a person of a particular sect, it was not objective. The latter valuated the modern Buddhism negatively, maintaining that it didn't develop its thought system but changed into a popular faith. This paper studied a thought system, a character, a formative process, and a meaning of Buhyu Sect, freeing from established approaches. In result, remarkable facts are as follows. First, Buhyu Sect valued a manual of Koan Zen(看話禪) and accepted from the point of view of both Zen and non-Zen traditions should be pursued together(禪敎兼修). The monk of Buhyu Sect communicated with a literary man of a noble family. And then a tendency to unite three religion namely, Confucianism, Taoism, and Buddhism spread abroad. Second, Buhyu Sect, under the leadership of Baegamseongchong(栢庵性聰), complied and published Buddhist books which were paid attention by Chinese Buddhism in the late period of Ming. These books included Jeongtoboseo(淨土寶書) and Sagyeongjiheomgi(四經持驗紀) as well as books on Hwaeom Scripture studies(華嚴敎學). Buhyu Sect also published the uncanonical books based on taoism and folk beliefs. This trend reflected the popularization of Buddhism. It was the same as the phenomenon that Bogwon(寶卷) and Seonseo(善書) were widespread in the reigns of the Ming Dynasty and the Ching Dynasty. Third, Buhyu Sect stirred up a sect consciousness, as it widened its sphere of influence and occupied a position of a independent sect. A sect consciousness of Buhyu Sect was Taego Origin theory(太古法統說) based on Imje Sect(臨濟宗). It corresponded to the general current of Buddhism in the latter of Joseon. Buhyu Sect also gave publicity to Jinul who established Songgwangsa(松廣寺). But it is necessary to reconsider his influence on Buddhist thought in the latter period of Joseon. The formation of a sect was influenced by Neo-Confucianism(朱子學) which became the mainstream in the world of thought of the age. Its influence can be seen in a etiquette, a curriculum, and a sect consciousness of Buddhist monks. In short, a thought and a sect consciousness of Buhyu Sect show that Buddhism in the latter period of Joseon was characterized by a tendency to unite three religion and a popularization of Buddhism, like the trend of Buddhist history in the modern East Asia.