鏡峰禪師의 禪思想 -보조 지눌의 선사상과 비교하여-

Abstract

In this study Seon master Gyeongbong(鏡峰), a outstanding modern monk in Korean Buddhism, compared with the Nation Master Bojo Jinul(普照 知訥, 1158～1210)Seon(禪) is beyond word and letter. We could reach only through the practice. They say that it is the realm beyond mental speculation(心行處滅), the cessation of the way of the word(言語道斷). So thus Śakyamuni Buddha's the dharma-door of non-duality(不二法門) was Great silence with no words(黙言). According to Jongmil's classification in the Seon school, Gyeongbong stands on the straight revealment of the mind's nature(直顯心性宗) which Bojo Jinul had asserted. That is the realm beyond mental speculation(心行處滅), the cessation of the way of the word(言語道斷). As the predominate school between the Doctrinal and the Seon, changes with the times, their opinion on the Doctrine and the Seon was systematically compared. They both placed emphasis on Hwayen(華嚴) as the Seon master. Also they asserted both theconciliation of Seon and doctrine(禪敎會通) and the convergence of Seon and doctrine(禪敎一致). Recently both monk and laity look for the union of Seon and doctrine, and the practice in tune with the times. Ganhwa Seon(看話禪), i.e. Word contemplation meditation was imported by the National Master Bojo Jinul in the period of Military regime of Goryeo Dynasty. He introduced Ganhwa Seon at theend of Jeolyo (『法集別行錄節要幷入私記』) and wrote Ganhwagyeoruiron (『看話決疑論』). Ganhwa Seon was passed down from Jingak Hyesim(眞覺 慧諶, 1178-1234), the most eminent disciple of Jinul, and the three leading monks of the late Goryeo period(麗末 三師), i.e. Taego Bou(太古普愚, 1301～1382) and Naong Hyegeun(懶翁 慧勤, 1320～1376), Baegun Gyeonghan(白雲 景閑, 1298∼1374) to Cheongheo Hyujeong(淸虛 休靜, 1520～1604) of the Choseon period. Nowaday Korean Ganhwa Seon was constructed by Baekpa Geungseon(白坡 亘璇, 1767～1852) of the late Choseon period who theoretically integrated. Under the influence of Baekpa Geungseon, Gyeongheo(鏡虛) opened the door to the modern Ganhwa Seon, and impacted on the thought of Seon master Gyeongbong(鏡峰). Seon master Gyeongbong(鏡峰), inherited the Sudden enlightenment and gradual cultivation(頓悟漸修) of Bojo Jinul, revitalized hwadhu practice(話頭) and leaded many monks and laity to the enlightenment. Gyeongbong(鏡峰) was brought in the renaissance of a new era of Ganhwa Seon, which is the representative Buddhist practice system widely in use today.