중국 불학원(佛學院) 승가교육(僧伽敎育)의 현황과 특징

Abstract

In this paper, the writer looked at the present situation of Buddhist academies in China from the history of Seunghakwon since 1949. Seunghakwon was established to provide education to Buddhist monks and to protect the temple’s property against the modern policy of ‘Myosanheunghak’. At the start, ‘Myosanheunghak’ was a policy to use the property of Buddhism and Taoism to create education. However contrary to its intentions, military clique, bureaucrats and even social organizations transformed the policy into an attempt to seize the temple’s property. In order to prevent them from doing so, sangha autonomously established ‘Seunghakwon’ and ‘Buddhist academies’ and started to educate monks. This was the beginning of modern sangha education and produced a large number of modern famous learned monks. Since the founding of the People’s Republic of China in 1949, Most of the graduates of the Muchangbulhakwon opened and operated Buddhist academies again. In this paper the writer reviewed the current status of Buddhist academies through a comprehensive survey focusing on 32 Hanjeonbulhakwon, which were officially established after passing the ratification by the National Religious Affairs Bureau of China. And also the writer introduced the sangha education currently conducted in Buddhist academies in China, considering the distributed situation of Buddhist academies in China and the problem of how to arrange Buddhist studies and practice, composition and credit system of the curriculum, the teaching materials in use, various specialized education and conditions of recruiting students, etc.