『楞嚴經』의 보살도

Abstract

Śūraṅgamasūtra(楞嚴經) is said to be the best Dhyāna-scripture which covers all the important Buddha Teachings-C’ien-t’ai(天台), Huayen(華嚴), Esoteric Buddhism(密敎) and Zen Buddhism(禪宗). In Śūraṅgamasūtra the bodhisattva is defined as a being who makes a great effort in order to save all the people before acquiring enlightenment. And it explains very systematically what the bodhisattvas have to do in the course of bodhisattvas’ practices. It insists that bodhisattvas should carry out four kinds of Vinaya(四種律儀), recitation of Śūraṅgama-samādhi-dhāraṇī(楞嚴呪), twenty five Won Tong(二十五圓通) and zen(śamatha, samāpata, dhyāna). E-Ken-Won -Tong(耳根圓通) by which Avalokitesvara enlightened is said to be the best method among twenty five Won Tong. Because hearing sense has the most sensibility among six sense organs. Śūraṅgamasūtra takes Śrāvaka-yāna(聲聞乘) and Boddhisattva-yana(菩薩乘) into Eka-yāna(一乘), harmonizing and consolidating three vehicles(三乘). Therefore Śūraṅgamasūtra may fairy be called Dhyāna-scripture that penetrates Mahāyāna(大乘) and Hīnayāna(小乘), Exoteric Buddhism(顯敎) and Esoteric Buddhism(密敎). In the process of Bodhisattvas’ discipline, Śūraṅgamasūtra describes 55 stages including 42 stages of Avatamsaka sūtra(華嚴經). Śūraṅgamasūtra makes clear the origin of man and the world. It puts together difficult ascetic exercises and easy recitation of dhāraṇī, realizing the aim of Mahāyāna bodhisattvas perfectly-above to seek bodhi, below to save all(上求菩提, 下化衆生).