朝鮮初期의 權力構造와 權力相互間의 統制原理에 대한 考察
A Study on the Power Structure and the Control Principles between Powers in the early Chosun Dynasty
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이 글은 조선왕조 500년 역사의 기초를 놓았던 조선초기의 권력구조와 권력상호간의 통제원리를 고찰대상으로 한다. 이를 위해 먼저 조선초기의 주요 권력기구(國王, 議政府, 六曹, 三司, 承政院)의 구성과 권한을 살펴보고, 王權臣權의 역학관계가 국정운영의 기본구도(議政府署事制, 六曹直啓制, 院相制)에 어떻게 반영되고 있는지를 설명한다. 이어 국정통제의 원리로서 言論과 經筵 및 史官에 의한 통제라는 조선의 독특한 권력통제방식을 고찰함으로써 조선왕조가 5세기를 지속할 수 있었던 생명력의 근간을 추적해 본다.
Abstract
This paper deals with the power structure and the control principles between the main power holders of the early Chosun Dynasty. The study specifically traces the roots that enabled the Chosun Dynasty to survive more than five centuries. This study concentrates on three main areas. First, it details the shape and the competences of major authorities (the King, a Committee of three senior statesmen, Six Executive Ministries, Three Agencies mainly engaged in criticizing policies, and the King’s Secretarial Office). Secondly, it explores the basic structure of national administrative conduct which reflects mutual relation between King’s influence and his subjects’ influence. Finally, the study poses the following question: ‘What are the fundamental principles for exercising control over the national administration?’ Through these considerations, the writer confirms that the continuance of the Chosun Dynasty owes much to the vigorous spirits, especially institutionalized political critics, and instructional lectures for Kings, who should be free from faults, and also impartial historical recorders.