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특허 자료를 활용한 AI-에듀테크 분야 국가 간 기술 경쟁력 분석: 특허 통계 지표와 허들 음이항 모델의 활용

Technology Competitiveness in the AI-Edutech Field: Using Patent Indice and Hurdle Negative Binomial Model

지일용|배현영
대한산업경영학회 (Dae Han Society of Industrial Management)|2024.08|산업융합연구 (Journal of Industrial Convergence)|제22권 제8호|pp. 1-17|DOI https://doi.org/10.22678/JIC.2024.22.8.001

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AI인공지능특허PatentAI융합교육영과잉Zero-inflated음이항Negative binomial허들AI-Convergence EducationHurdle
주제분류학제간연구

초록

최근 에듀테크의 관심이 AI 기술과의 접목에 집중되어 있는 가운데, 관련 분야 시장이 확대되고 있는 추세이다. 이에 본 연구는 AI-에듀테크 분야의 주요국 기술경쟁력과 핵심 기술분야를 분석하는 것을 목적으로 하였다. 또한 AI-에듀테크가 AI 기술과 에듀테크 간 융합임을 고려하여, 주요국별 AI-에듀테크 기술이 과연 기존의 AI 혹은 에듀테크 기술에 기반한 것인지 경로의존성도 분석하고자 하였다. 이를 위해 AI-에듀테크 분야 특허를 수집한 뒤, 특허활동력, 특허영향력, 시장확보력 등의 지표로 경쟁력을 분석하였고, 국제특허분류 코드로 국가별 핵심 기술 분야를 살펴보며, 허들 음이항 회귀모형으로 국가별 경로의존성을 분석하였다. 분석 결과, AI-에듀테크 분야 특허활동력은 중국이 가장 높고 한국, 미국, 인도, 일본이 그 뒤를 이었다. 특허영향력과 시장확보력 측면에서, 미국은 두 지표 모두 높고, 일본은 시장확보력이 높으며, 한국은 특허영향력이 높은 것으로 분석되었다. 또한 국제특허분류코드로 볼 때 국가 간 차별성이 나타나고 있으며, 한국은 머신러닝과 생체 모델 기반의 AI에 집중하면서 다양한 기술과 융합하는 특징이 있었다. 허들 음이항 분석 결과 중, 로짓 부분 결과로는 과거의 AI 또는 교육 분야 기술 보유 여부가 현재의 AI-에듀테크 기술의 등장 여부에 정의 영향을 주지는 않았으나, 카운트 부분 결과는 정의 영향을 주는 것으로 나타났다. 이는 현재의 AI-에듀테크 기술이 전반적으로 과거의 AI 또는 에듀테크 기술에 기반한다고 보기는 어려우나, 일부 과거 AI 또는 교육 기술에 기반한 AI-에듀테크가 일단 등장하면 이는 기존 기술로부터의 영향을 받음을 의미한다. 이러한 결과는 이 분야 향후 연구와 기술전략을 위한 시사점을 제공한다.

Abstract

Recently, interest in edutech has been focused on its fusion with AI technology, and the market in this field is expanding. This study aims to analyze the technological competitiveness and key technological areas of major countries in the AI-edutech field. Additionally, considering that AI-edutech is a convergence of AI technology and edutech, the study seeks to examine the path dependence of AI-edutech in each country to determine whether they are based on existing AI technologies or edutech. To this end, AI-edutech patents were collected and competitiveness was analyzed using patent activity, patent impact, and market acquisition indicators. Path dependence for each country was analyzed using the hurdle negative binomial regression model. The analysis results indicate that the major countries in the AI-edutech field are China, South Korea, the United States, India, and Japan. In terms of patent activity, China had the highest level, followed by South Korea. In terms of patent impact and market securing power, the United States was high in both aspects, Japan had high market securing power, and South Korea had high patent influence. The results of the hurdle negative binomial analysis presented unique findings. The logit part results indicated that the possession of existing AI and edutech did not positively affect the emergence of current AI-edutech, but the count part results showed a positive influence. This suggests that, overall, it is difficult to assert that current AI-edutechs are based on past AI and edutechs. However, once some AI-edutechs based on existing AI and edutechs emerge, they are influenced by the existing technologies. These findings provide implications for future research and technological strategies in this field.

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