淨衆宗의 法系와 그 禪思想

Abstract

The purpose of this paper is to consider the dharma linage of Jìngzhòng Order (淨衆宗) and its Chán thought. Musang (無相) came from Silla dynasty and made a pilgrimage to China in search of the law. He spread Chán (禪) at Chéngdū (成都) in Sìchuān (四川) and founded Jìngzhòng Order (淨衆宗) . We can recognize clearly that the Dharma linage of Musang (無相) succeeded to ‘the linage of Hóngrěn (弘忍) →Zhìshēn (智詵) ’ from the related data and identify the linage from his Chán thought. Musang (無相) had converted frequently through ‘the ordination (授戒儀式) ’ and explained this ordination quite minutely in The great abridged commentary on the Perfect Enlightenment Sūtra (圓覺經大疏釋義鈔) by Zōngmì (宗密) . We can assume that the origin of the ordination was from ‘the linage of Dōngshān Dharma-gate (東山法門) ’. We can presume inversely the ordination of the linage of Dōngshān from the ordination of Musang (無相) under the circumstance without the related data on the ordination of the linage of Dōngshān Dharma-gate. The three phrases of Musang (無相) ’s core teaching on Chán, ‘eliminating memory (無憶) , eliminating thought (無念) , prohibiting delusion (莫妄) can be a new translation on three headings of Buddhism, ‘precept·meditation·wisdom (戒·定·慧) ’. The three phrases of Musang (無相) concluded in ‘no rising thought (念不起) ’ and ‘eliminating thought (無念) ’. I inquired into the origin of Musang (無相) ’s teaching on Chán from Hóngrěn (弘忍) ’s teaching on Chán. Zōngmì estimated Musang (無相) ’s Chán thought of Jìngzhòng Order (淨衆 宗) with Běi Order (北宗) and Bǎotáng Order (保唐宗) as ‘Xīwàngxiūxīn Order (息妄修心宗) ’. Especially he criticized Bǎotáng Order (保唐宗) because ‘it didn’t restrict teaching conduct but did eliminate consciousness [敎行不拘而滅識] ’. The Zōngmì (宗密) ’s estimation was based on the standard of ‘Dharma Nature education (法性敎學) ’ around ‘empty, quiescent, and spiritual knowing (空寂靈 知) ’. From the viewpoint of the development of Chán thought advocating ‘xiàngshàng (向上) ’ constantly, it is natural that the Chán thought of Jìngzhòng Order (淨衆宗) has limit. But the Chán thought transcending him in the future generation could be appeared on account of these process. It is the important meaning of Musang (無相) ’s Jìngzhòng Order (淨衆宗) .