반복 반점화: 지각적 모호성이 물체 재인에 미치는 영향
Repetition Antipriming: The Effects of Perceptual Ambiguity on Object Recognition
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초록
물체의 신경 표상은 시각 피질 전반에 걸쳐 분산되어 있고 다른 물체의 신경 표상과 중첩된 형태로 유지된다. 따라서 특정 물체를 반복적으로 접하면 그 물체의 재인은 촉진되지만 다른 물체의 재인은 상대적으로 손상될 수 있다. 이러한 현상을 각각 반복 점화(priming)와 반점화(antipriming)라고 한다. 본 연구는 반복 반점화 즉, 반복된 물체 자체가 반점화 될 가능성을 검증하였다. 학습 단계에서 참가자들은 다양한 수준으로 화질이 손상된 물체 사진들의 재인 수준을 평정하였고 검사 단계에서는 정상적인 화질의 물체 사진을 보고 범주 판단 과제를 실시하였다. 그 결과, 실험 1과 2에서 모두 학습 단계에서 쉽게 재인되었던 물체는 검사 단계에서 더 효율적으로 처리되었지만(반복 점화), 반대로 학습 단계에서 지각적으로 모호했던 물체는 검사 단계에서 비효율적으로 처리되었다(반복 반점화). 이러한 결과는 지각적으로 모호한 물체를 경험할 때 세부특징에 관한 감각 표상과 다수의 물체 표상들 간의 연결이 강화되어 후속 재인 과정을 방해하기 때문인 것으로 추정된다.
Abstract
Neural representation of a visual object is distributed across visual cortex and overlapped with those of many other objects. Thus repeating an object facilitates the recognition of the object while it impairs the recognition of other objects. These effects are called repetition priming and antipriming, respectively. Two experiments investigated a new phenomenon of repetition antipriming, in which a repeated object itself is antiprimed. The learning stage presented object pictures which were degraded at various levels. Participants determined how recognizable each object was. Then, the test stage presented the intact version of the object pictures and made participants to perform a categorization task. Both Experiment 1 and 2 found that the processing of the objects that had been recognized were facilitated (repetition priming) while the processing of the objects that had been perceptually ambiguous were impaired (repetition antipriming). These findings suggest that experiencing a perceptually ambiguous object might enhance the connection between feature-level representations and multiple object-level representations, which impairs the subsequent recognition of the repeated object.
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