스트룹 간섭의 희석 및 중복 효과
Dilution and redundancy effects on Stroop interference
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초록
동일한 지각 범주에 속하는 물체들은 범주 별로 특성화된, 제한된 용량의 주의 자원을 차지하기 위해 서로 경쟁한다. 그러나 지각적으로 동일한 두 개의 물체가 시각 분석 과정에서 상호작용하는 방식에 대해서는 잘 알려져 있지 않다. 지각적으로 같은 물체들은 동일한 범주의 물체들이 경쟁하듯이 서로의 정보처리를 억제할 가능성도 있지만, 오히려 서로 협력을 통해 잡음에 강하고 지속력 있는 지각 표상을 생성할 가능성도 있다. 본 연구는 이러한 가능성들을 검증하기 위해 그림-이름 스트룹 과제를 사용한 세 건의 행동 실험을 실시하였다. 그 결과, 같은 범주에 속하는 두 개의 방해자극들은 서로의 간섭 효과를 희석시켰지만, 두 개의 중복된 방해자극들은 서로의 간섭 효과를 강화하였다(실험 1). 중복 효과는 동일한 반응과 연합된, 지각적으로 다른 방해자극들을 제시했을 때는 사라졌고(실험 2), 대뇌 반구 별 자극 제시 방법의 영향을 받지 않았다(실험 3). 이러한 결과는 방해자극의 중복 효과가 반구 간 상호 독립적인 주의 자원에 기초한 지각적 표상 수준의 처리 과정에서 발생하고 있음을 의미한다. 본 연구의 결과는 스트룹 간섭이 지각적 범주 수준의 주의 자원의 제약을 받는다는 가설을 지지하고, 더 나아가 자극의 중복이 지각 정보처리를 촉진함으로써 이러한 제약을 극복할 수 있음을 시사한다.
Abstract
It is well known that visual objects belonging to the same perceptual category compete for category-specific, limited-capacity attentional resource. However, it remains to be seen how perceptually identical objects interact with each other during visual analyses. Perceptually identical objects might suppress each other as much as categorically identical objects do. Alternatively, they might cooperate to generate a perceptual representation which is long lasting and robust to noise. Such possibilities were tested in the current research with three behavioral experiments using the Stroop task. As results, relative to a single distractor, Stroop interference was diluted by two different distractors of a category while it was enhanced by two perceptually identical distractors (Experiment 1). This redundancy effect disappeared when two different distractors associated with the same response were presented (Experiment 2), and it was not affected by the between- vs. within-hemisphere distractor presentations (Experiment 3). These findings indicate that the redundancy effect of distractors may be mediated by perceptual representations based on hemisphere-independent attentional resources. Overall, the current study supports the hypothesis that Stroop interference is constrained by category-specific attentional resources and further suggests that redundant presentations of a stimulus overcome such attentional constraints by facilitating perceptual processing.
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