상하 반전된 장면의 테두리 확장
Boundary Extension of Inverted Scenes
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시각 체계는 장면을 지각할 때 주어진 감각 정보에만 의존하지 않는다. 맥락 정보를 적극 활용함으로써 주변 환경과의 시공간적 연속선상에서 장면을 파악한다. 그러나 부족한 감각정보를 맥락 정보로 채워 넣는 과정에서 실제 본 장면보다 더 넓은 영역을 봤다고 잘못 기억하는 경우가 있는데, 이를 테두리 확장(boundary extension) 효과라고 한다[1]. 본 연구는 상하반전(inversion)의 효과를 통해 테두리 확장 현상에 관한 가설들을 검증하였다. 상하반전된 장면에서 맥락 정보를 추출하기 어렵다는 기존 연구 결과들에 근거하여 학습 단계 또는 검사 단계에서 장면 사진을 거꾸로 제시하였다. 세 가지 실험의 결과, 테두리 확장 효과는 장면이 학습 단계에서 상하반전 되었을 때 감소하였는데, 장면을 구성하는 물체의 방향성이 분명할수록 더 감소하였다. 이러한 결과는 적절한 맥락이 활성화됨으로써 장면이 외연될 수 있다는 것과 테두리 확장 효과가 장면이 기억으로 부호화되는 과정에서 발생한다는 것을 시사한다.
Abstract
The visual system applies previously learned contextual knowledge to facilitate the perception and encoding of scenes. When extrapolation following the employment of contextual information occurs, it sometimes leads to scene memory distortion: people report as if they saw more than they actually had seen. This phenomenon is called the “boundary extension” effect (Intraub & Richardson, 1989). The present study aimed to clarify the effects of contextual information on boundary extension in a more systematic way. Based on the assumption that it is harder to extract contextual information from inverted scenes compared to intact scenes, we presented inverted scenes either during encoding or retrieval to manipulate the level of contextual information and compared the magnitude of boundary extension effect for upright versus inverted scenes. In a series of experiments, we found that scene inversion during encoding, but not during retrieval, significantly reduced boundary extension. Showing reduced memory distortion for inverted scenes, the current study directly demonstrated that access to contextual information is a critical component of scene extrapolation process.
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