2000년 이후 저임금 비중 변화의 요인분석
On the Determinants of the Changes in Low-wage Incidence since 2000
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초록
본 연구는 저임금 요인으로 지목되는 비정규직 및 서비스업의 고용증가,그리고 인구구조 변화 등의 사회경제적 변화가 저임금 비중에 미치는 효과를 확인하기 위해 Oaxaca-Blinder요인분해를 하였다. 2001년과 2007년, 2007년과 2012년 각각의 시점 간 요인분해 결과, 2001년-2007년 시점 간 저임금비중 증가(4.8%)는 －28.6%의 특성효과와 128.6%의 계수효과로 분해되었고,2007-2012년의 저임금 비중 감소(－2.6%)는 35.6%의 특성효과와 64.4%의 계수효과로 분해되었다. 각 특성들의 분포변화로 설명되는 특성효과보다는 계수효과가 저임금 비중변화에 크게 영향을 준 것으로 나타났다. 다시 말해,인구구조 및 산업구조의 변화 등의 영향보다는 경제전반의 저임금화 및 저임금 감소의 경향이 상대적으로 크게 영향을 주고 있는 것으로 분석되었다. 그러나 특성효과를 세부요인별로 살펴보면, 2000년 이후 여성 및 서비스산업의 고용증가, 노동시장의 고령화는 저임금 비중을 증가시키는 요인으로꾸준히 영향을 주었다. 반면, 2001-2007년 동안 비정규직의 증가는 저임금비중을 증가시키는 것으로 영향을 주었지만 2007-2012년 사이 비정규직의감소는 저임금 비중을 감소시키는 것으로 나타났다.
Abstract
This paper studies the determinants of the change in Korean wage-workers’low-wage incidence from 2001 to 2012. It has focused on the causes of expansionof low-wage: such as the increase of irregular workers, the growth of serviceindustry, and aging population. Oaxaca-Blinder decomposition analysis shows thatlow-wage incidence From 2001 to 2007, 4.8% was decomposed by –28.6% ofthe characteristic effects and 128.6% of the coefficient effects. Low-wage incidenceFrom 2007 to 2012, -2.6% was decomposed by 35.6% of the characteristic effectsand 64.4% of the coefficient effects. Detailed decomposition analysis on the characteristic effects shows that theincrease of female workers and service industry workers, and aging in labor markethave continually contributed to the rise of low-wage incidence from 2001 to 2012. Moreover, the expansion of irregular workers from 2001 to 2007 had contributedto increasing low-wage incidence. Otherwise, the reduction of irregular workersfrom 2007 to 2012 had contributed to decreasing low-wage incidence.
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