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자살 위험 평가에서 암묵적 연합 검사의 신뢰도 및 타당도 연구

A Study on the Reliability and Validity of the Death Implicit Association Test for Suicide Risk Assessment

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초록

본 연구는 죽음-암묵적 연합 검사(Death-Implicit Association Test: 이하 D-IAT)의 자살 위험 평가 도구로서의 신뢰도와 타당도를 검증하였다. 이를 위해 2020년 9월부터 12월까지 19세 이상 성인 179명을 대상으로 온라인 실험 및 평가를 실시하였다. 먼저 D-IAT와 자살 관련 척도를 측정한 후, 2주 후 D-IAT, 4주 후 자살 위험을 각각 재평가하였다. D-IAT의 반분 신뢰도 계수는 .73이었고, 2주 간격으로 측정한 D-IAT의 검사-재검사 신뢰도 r=.30이었다. 수렴 타당도 검증 결과, D-IAT와 우울은 정적 상관(r=.21), 그리고 살아야 할 이유와는 부적 상관(r=-.15)을 보였다. 집단 비교 타당도 검증 결과, 평생 자살 생각 및 시도와 최근 자살 생각의 유무에 따른 D-IAT의 수행에서 집단 간 유의한 차이는 없었다. 예측 타당도 검증 결과, D-IAT는 1개월 후 자해에 대한 욕구를 유의하게 예측하였다. 또한 통계적 유의성에 미치지 못했지만 D 점수가 높을수록 죽음에 대한 욕구의 위험이 높아지는 경향이 나타났다. 본 연구 결과는 자살 위험 평가 도구로서 D-IAT의 심리측정 속성이 다소 미흡한 수준이나, 기존 자살 위험 평가의 한계를 보완하는 검사로서 가능성을 검증한데 의의가 있다.

Abstract

This study examined the reliability and validity of the Death Implicit Association Test (D-IAT) for suicide risk assessment. It was conducted from September to mid-December of 2020, targeting 179 adults aged over 19 years. D-IAT and suicide-related measures were administered. D-IAT was re-administered after 2 weeks and suicide risk was reassessed after 4 weeks. All procedures were conducted online. The split-half reliability of D-IAT was .73. The test-retest reliability over two weeks showed r value of .30. Convergent validity was partly supported by results showing that the D-IAT was positively correlated with depression (r=.21) and negatively correlated with reasons for living (r=-.15). There was no significant difference between D-IAT groups according to the existence of lifelong suicidal thoughts, attempts, or recent suicidal thoughts. Thus, known-group validity was not supported. Predictive validity was partially supported by results showing that D-IAT significantly predicted the presence or absence of desire for self-harm in suicide risk after one month. Moreover, D-IAT predicted wish for death at a marginally significant level. Current results suggest that psychometric properties of D-IAT are rather limited as a tool for suicide risk assessment. Further research on this is warranted.

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