자기비난 수준에 따른 인지적 유연성의 차이
Differences in Cognitive Flexibility Depending on Level of Self-Criticism
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초록
본 연구는 자기비난 수준에 따라 인지적 유연성에 차이가 있는지 실험을 통해 확인하는 것이다. 연구대상은 K지역의 대학생으로 실험 참여에 동의한 57명이다. 참여자 모집은 온라인/오프라인을 통해 배포된 홍보지의 큐알코드에 접속, 연구 참여에 동의한 후 설문에 응답하여 이루어졌다. 실시된 자기비난/자기공격과 자기위안 형태척도의 절단점 자기비난 24점을 기준으로 자기비난이 고집단과 17점의 저집단으로 구분해 분석에 활용하였다. 인지적 유연성의 측정을 위해 과제전환의 패러다임을 활용하였고, 한 시행에서 다음 시행으로 넘어갈 때 동일한 규칙으로 과제수행을 하면 반복시행, 다른 규칙으로 과제수행을 하면 전환시행이라고 한다. 이때 전환시행에서 반복시행을 뺀 값을 전환비용이라하며 이 값이 클수록 인지적 유연성이 떨어짐을 의미한다. 실험에서 활용되는 단어자극은 사전에 생물/무생물, 긍정/부정에 대해 평정을 진행하여 타당도를 확보하였고, 연습을 통해 실험과정을 충분히 이해하고 시작하였다. 연구결과, 고집단이 저집단에 비해 과제 수행에서 더 좋은 결과를 보였으나, 전환비용에서 집단간 차이가 유의미하지 않았다. 또한, 자극의 정서가에서 고집단이 저집단에 비해 부정 단어에 대한 전환비용이 유의미하게 높게 나타났다. 이는 자기비난 고집단이 부정적 자극에 노출되었을 때 인지적 유연성이 저하될 수 있음을 의미한다. 마지막으로 연구결과를 토대로 본 연구의 의의와 제한점, 향후 연구에 대해 논의하였다.
Abstract
The purpose of this study was to examine differences in cognitive flexibility depending on the level of self-criticism through experimental procedures. A total of 57 students of a university in south Korea participated in this study. A score of above 24 and a score of under 17 for FSCRS were assigned each a high self-criticism (HG) group and a low self-criticism (LG) group, respectively. These students participated in an experiment of task-switching using task paradigm (TS), to measure cognitive flexibility. The TS presented that, the greater the switch-cost people got, the less the cognitive flexibility they had. Results of the study showed that the HG group had better task performance than the LG, although differences in switch-cost between the two groups were not significant. In the valence, the switch-cost for negative words was significantly higher than that of LG. This means that cognitive flexibility can be reduced when groups with high self-criticism are exposed to negative stimuli. Limitations of the study and suggestions for future research are discussed.
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