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노년기 적극적 사교활동이 심리적 건강에 미치는 영향: 감정표현불능의 매개효과

Effects of Active Social Interaction on Mental Health among Older Adults: Mediating Effect of Alexithymia

조명현
한국건강심리학회 (Korean Health Psychological Association)|2024.09|한국심리학회지: 건강 (Korean Journal of Health Psychology)|제29권 제5호|pp. 809-836|DOI 10.17315/kjhp.2024.29.5.005

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참고문헌

키워드

우울Depression불안AnxietySomatizationAlexithymia감정표현불능신체적 증상노년기 적극적 사교활동Activity Social Interaction
주제분류심리과학

초록

본 연구에서는 타인과 적극적으로 상호작용하는 것이 노년기에 경험하게 되는 우울, 불안, 신체화 증상 등의 심리적 고통을 완화할 수 있다는 점에 주목하면서, 감정표현불능의 매개효과를 확인하고자 하였다. 만 65세부터 만 85세까지의 노년층 213명을 대상으로 적극적 사교활동, 감정표현불능증, 우울, 불안, 신체화 증상에 대한 온라인 설문을 실시하였다. 분석 결과, 노년기 적극적 사교활동은 우울, 불안, 신체화 증상과 부적 관계를 보여, 주변 사람들과 능동적으로 상호작용하는 사람들이 심리적 고통을 덜 경험한다는 점을 확인할 수 있었다. 또한 감정표현불능의 매개효과를 살펴본 결과, 노인들의 적극적 사교활동은 감정표현불능 정도를 낮추어 우울, 불안, 신체화 증상의 정도를 모두 낮게 경험하게 하였다. 즉, 타인과 적극적으로 교류하는 것은 개인으로 하여금 감정에 대해 더 잘 인식하고 더 잘 설명할 수 있도록 함으로써 전반적인 심리적 건강을 돕는 것이다. 본 결과는 노년기에 타인과 능동적으로 교류활동을 하는 것이 자신의 감정에 대한 인식을 보다 명료하게 만들어 궁극적으로 정신건강을 유지하도록 하는 기능이 있다는 점을 시사한다.

Abstract

This study focused on the fact that active social interaction could alleviate psychological distress such as depression, anxiety, and somatization among older adults, confirming the mediating effect of alexithymia. Online survey data were collected on active social activities, alexithymia, depression, anxiety, and somatization symptoms of 213 older adults aged 65 to 85 years. Results indicated that active social interaction had negative relationships with depression, anxiety, and somatization in older adults. This means that people who actively interact with those around them experience less psychological distress. In addition, mediation analysis revealed that the association of active social interaction with depression, anxiety, and somatization was mediated by alexithymia. In other words, actively interacting with others benefits overall psychological health by allowing individuals to become more aware of and better describe their emotions. These results suggest that active interactions with others in old age makes awareness of one's emotions clearer and ultimately maintains mental health.

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