수중과 기중환경에서 출력된 3D 프린팅 콘크리트의 적층성능 및 강도 특성 분석
The Buildability and Strength Properties of 3D Printed Concrete in the Air and Underwater Environment
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초록
이 연구에서는 기중 및 수중환경에서 출력한 3DP 콘크리트에 대하여 적층성능과 역학적 특성평가를 수행하였다. 적층성능은 굳지않은 콘크리트에서의 Green strength test와 적층 직후와 1시간에서의 높이와 처짐량으로 평가하였다. 배합 30분 후 콘크리트 압축강도는 5.0 kPa이며, 3시간 후의 압축강도는 7.9 kPa로 초기 강도 대비 1.6배 높았다. 적층 부재의 총 높이는 출력환경과 관계없이 설계 높이를 만족하였다. 적층 1 시간 후의 기중과 수중환경에서의 처짐량은 각각 1 mm와 0.2mm로 수중환경에서 처짐량이 작게 발생하였다. 겉보기 밀도는 A-M> A-P>UW-P 시험체 순으로 나타났으며, 이는 적층 콘크리트 출력과정 중에 콘크리트와 함께 혼합된 공기의 양이 많고 수중출력 시에는 콘크리트 내부로 물이 침투되어 밀도가 낮아진 것으로 판단된다. UW-P/A-P의 압축강도 비는 재령 1일에서는 0.86이었지만, 재령 7일을 기점으로 수중 제작 콘크리트의 압축강도가 높게 나타났다.
Abstract
This study evaluated the buildability and mechanical properties of 3DP concrete printed in air and underwater environments. Buildability was evaluated by green strength test on fresh concrete and height and deflection immediately and 1 hour after printing. The green compressive strength of the concrete was 5.0 kPa after 30 minutes and 7.9 kPa after 3 hours, an increase of 1.6 times the initial strength. The total height of the laminated parts met the design height regardless of the printing environment. The amount of deflection in air and under water 1 hour after printing was 1 mm and 0.2 mm, respectively, indicating a small amount of deflection under water. The apparent density of the sample appeared in the order of A-M > A-P > UW-P. This is believed to be because a large amount of air is mixed into the concrete during the printing process, and water infiltrates during the underwater printing process. The compressive strength ratio of UW-P/A-P was 0.86 at 1 day, but the compressive strength of the underwater printed concrete was high from 7 days.
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