한국 연안 퇴적물 내 중금속 원소의 자연적 배경농도 연구
Natural Background Level Analysis of Heavy Metal Concentration in Korean Coastal Sediments
2
조회
0
다운로드
33
인용
0
참고문헌
초록
Abstract
This paper presents an attempt to determine natural background levels of heavy metals which could be used for assessing heavy metal contamination. For this study, a large archive dataset of heavy metal concentration (Cu, Cr, Ni, Pb, Zn) for more than 900 surface sediment samples from various Korean coastal environments was newly compiled. These data were normalized for aluminum (grain-size normalizer) concentration to isolate natural factors from anthropogenic ones. The normalization was based on the hypothesis that heavy metal concentrations vary consistently with the concentration of aluminum, unless these metals are of anthropogenic origin. So, the samples (outliers) suspected of receivingany anthropogenic input were removed from regression to ascertain the "background" relationship between the metals and aluminum. Identification of these outliers was tested using a model of predicted limits at 95%. The process of testing for normality (Kolmogorov-Smirnov Test) and selection of outliers was iterated until a normal distribution was achieved. On the basis of the linear regression analysis of the large archive (please check) dataset, background levels, which are applicable to heavy metal assessment of Korean coastal sediments, were successfully developed for Cu, Cr, Ni, Zn. As an example, we tested the applicability of this baseline level for metal pollution assessment of Masan Bay sediments.
참고문헌 (35)
- "한반도 서남해안에 분포하는 퇴적물들의 지화 학적인 특성과 환경오염에 대한 연구", pp.121~ (2001)
- "시화호 환경 중의 중금속 분포 특성과 오염", 8, pp.148~157 (2005)
- "금강하구 연안해역에 분포하는 표층퇴적물의 지화학적 및 광물학적 연구" (1995)
- "한국 동해안 영일만 표층 퇴적물의 금속 함량과 공간 변화 특성", 24, pp.477~490 (2003)
- "1998.경기만 퇴적 물의 중금속 분포 특성", 3, pp.103~111 (1998)
- "한반도 주변해역 퇴적물 중 금속원소의 분포 와 기원에 관한 연구", pp.262~ (1994), 서울대학교
- "1998.영산강 하상퇴적물의 중금속 함량", 7, pp.281~290 (1998)
- "1998.영산강 하구 표층 퇴적물의 중금속 함량 및 분포", 7, pp.549~557 (1998)
- "2001.새만금 조간대 표층퇴 적물의 성분원소 함량과 지화학적 특성", 6, pp.27~34 (2001)
- "1999.시화호의 퇴적환경과 중금속 오염", 4, pp.198~207 (1999)
- "2003.광양만 및 여 수해만 표층퇴적물의 지화학적 특성과 중금속 오염", 8, pp.380~391 (2003)
- "진해-마산만 수지환경 관리모델 개발 (II)", pp.395~ (1999), 한국해양연구원
- "남해 특별관리해역의 환경위해성평가 연구 마산연안 중심연구", pp.592~ (2006), 한국해양연구원
- "Normalization to lithium for the assessment of metal contamination in coastal sediments cores from the Aegean Sea, Greece", 52, pp.1~12 (2001)
- "Metals of the bottom muds in Townsville harbour", pp.297~300 (1993)
- "Anthropogenic vs. lithogenic origins of trace elements (As, Cd, Pb, Rb, Sb, Sc Sn, Zn) in water column particles: Northwestern Mediterranean Sea", 48, pp.291~310 (1995)
- "Assessment of elemental contamination in estuarine and coastal environments based on geochemical and statistical modeling of sediments", zda(wics), pp.237~266 (1993)
- "A mathematical model for analysis of sediment core data Implications for enrichment factor calculations and trace-metal transport mechanism", pp.281~291 (1985), Ochsenbein
- "Normalization procedures for sediment contaminants in spatial and temporal monitoring", 4, pp.109~115 (2002)
- "Geochemical compositions of river and shelf sediments in the Yellow Sea: Grain-size normalization and sediment provenance", 26, pp.15~24 (2006)
- "Processes affecting metal concentrations in estuarine and coastal marine sediments Heavy metals in the marine environment", pp.51~66 (1990), CRC Press
- "Incidence of adverse biological effects within ranges of chemical concentrations in marine and estuarine sediments", pp.81~97 (1992)
- "Reproducibility testing of a sequential extraction scheme for the determination of trace metal speciation in a marine reference sediment by inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometry", 342, pp.305~318 (1997)
- "Statistical comparison of heavy-metal concentrations in river sediments", 27, pp.54~58 (1996)
- "The potential for biological effects of sediment-sorbed contaminants tested in the national status and trends program", (aa aa technical memorandum s oma 52) (1991)
- "Depositional Environment and Distribution of Heavy Metal off the Shihwa Dam", 32, pp.120~127 (1997)
- "Importance of grain size factor in distribution of trace elements in stream sediments of tropical high grade terrains-a case study from Sri Lanka", 62, pp.243~253 (2002)
- "Background levels of heavy metals in surficial sediments of the Gulf of Lions An approach based on 133Cs normalization and lead isotope measure- ments", 138, pp.167~177 (2005)
- "Interpretation of metal concentra- tions in estuarine sediments of Florida using aluminum as a reference element", pp.227~235 (1990)
- "Iron as a reference element for determining trace metal enrichment in Southern California coastal shelf sediments", 48, pp.161~176 (1999)
- "Normalization of metal concentration in estuarine sediments from the Gulf of Mexico", 19, pp.581~594 (1996)
- "Extraction studies of heavy-metal pollutants in surficial sediments from the southern Baltic Sea off Poland", 120, pp.111~126 (1995)
- "Distribution of the elements in some major units of the earth's crust", pp.175~192 (1961)
- "Trace metal accumulation in different grain size fractions of the sediments from a semi-enclosed bay heavily contaminated by urban and industrial waste waters", 34, pp.3055~3061 (2000)
- "Grain size effect on multi-element concentrations in sediments from the intertidal flats of Bohai Bay, China", 17, pp.59~68 (2002)