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사회생태학 이론을 통한 노인 신체활동 결정요인 분석 : 2021년 지역사회건강조사

Determinants of Physical Activity among Older Adults Through Social Ecological Theory: 2021 Community Health Survey

구병모|이철웅
국민체육진흥공단 한국스포츠과학원 (Korea Institute of Sport Science)|2024.03|체육과학연구 (Korean Journal of Sport Science)|제35권 제1호|pp. 44-52

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노인Older adults의사결정나무분석신체활동Physical activity지역사회건강조사Community health surveyDecision tree analysis사회생태학이론Social ecological model
주제분류체육

초록

[목적] 본 연구의 목표는 사회생태학이론을 기반으로 노인들의 신체활동과 연관성이 있는 요인들을 분석하는 것이다. [방법] 질병관리청에서 실시된 2021년 지역사회건강조사 원시자료를 활용하여 2차 분석을 실시하였다. 본 연구에서신체활동영역 무응답 129명을 제외한 74,363명이 최종분석에 포함되었다. 사회생태학이론의 주요논점에 따라 8가지 요인 개인적(우울증정도, 낙상여부), 관계적(이웃과의 관계, 1인가구 여부), 지역사회적(지역사회시스템 만족도, 안전도), 물리환경적(생활환경, 자연환경)이 선택되었다. 노인의 신체활동과 관련된 사회생태학적 요인들을 분석하기 위하여 카이제곱 자동상호작용 감지(CHi-square Automatic Interaction Detection, CHAID)를 사용한 의사결정나무분석을 수행하였다. [결과] 노인들의 신체활동 평균값은 약 136분으로 분석되어졌지만, 최빈값과 중간값은 0분으로 나타났다. 신체활동 권고사항을 충족하는 노인은 20.2%이고 충족하지 못하는 노인은 79.8%인 것으로 파악되었다. 의사결정나무의 첫 번째분할에 따르면 1인가구상태가 노인의 신체활동과 가장 관련성이 높은 요인이며, 그 뒤를 이어 우울증, 낙상으로 이어지는 것으로 나타났다. 1인가구로 거주하며, 우울증 척도점수가 10점 이상이며, 1년 내에 낙상 경험이 있을 때에 신체활동 권고사항을 가장 덜 충족하는 집단으로 나타났다. [결론] 1인가구 형태로 거주하고 있고 우울증과 낙상을 경험한 노인들을 대상으로 한 대책이 시급한 것으로 사료된다

Abstract

PURPOSE This study aimed to analyze factors associated with physical activity (PA) in older adults based on social ecological theory. METHODS Secondary analysis was conducted using raw data from the 2021 Community Health Survey. after excluding 129 non-responses in the PA domain, a total of 74,363 individuals were included in the final analysis. A total of eight factors, including personal (level of depression, history of falls), relational (relationships with neighbors, living alone), community (satisfaction with the local community system, safety), and environmental factors (living environment, natural environment), were selected in accordance with the key points of social ecological theory. To analyze social ecological factors related to the PA of older adults, we conducted a decision tree analysis using Chi-square automatic interaction detection (CHAID). RESULTS The average PA level among older adults was approximately 136 minutes, but the mode and median were both 0 minutes. A total of 20.2% of older adults met the physical activity recommendations, while 79.8% did not. According to the first split of the decision tree, living alone was the most relevant factor associated with the PA of older adults, followed by depression and falls. Older adults living alone, with a depression score of 10 or higher, and who had experienced a fall within the past year, were least likely to meet the PA recommendations. CONCLUSIONS This study urgently suggests that PA programs should target older adults living alone, experiencing depression, and falls.

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