딥 스쿼트 시 동적 요추 후만이 요추 관절의 운동역학적 요인들에 미치는 영향
The Effect of Dynamic Lumbar Kyphosis on the Biomechanical Factors of the Lumbar Joints during Deep Squats
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[목적] 본 연구의 목적은 딥 스쿼트 시 동적 요추 후만증이 요추 관절의 운동역학적 요인에 미치는 영향을 분석하는데있다. [방법] 본 연구는 1년 이상 웨이트 트레이닝을 경험한 숙련자 20대 성인(age: 23.4±3.5 years old, height: 175.3 ±4.3cm, weight: 75.8±6.5kg, SQ 1RM weight: 115.3±19.5kg) 30명이 피험자로 참여하였다. 피험자들은동적 요추 후만이 발생하는 DLK(Dynamic Lumbar Kyphosis) 조건과 동적 요추 후만을 의식적으로 제한하는RDLK(Restricted Dynamic Lumbar Kyphosis) 조건에서 1회 반복 최대 중량(1-RM)의 70%의 부하로 딥 스쿼트를수행하였다. 두 조건의 딥 스쿼트 동작의 일관성을 검증을 위해 급내 상관계수(Intraclass correlation: ICC) 방법을이용하여 측정자 내 신뢰도(intra-rater reliability)를 분석하였다. 그리고 딥 스쿼트 시 DLK 조건과 RDLK 조건에서요추 관절의 운동역학적 요인들을 측정하였다. 모든 자료는 IBM SPSS 27.0(Armonk, New York, USA) 소프트웨어로 대응 표본 t 검정(paired samples t-test)를 실시하였으며, 가설의 수락 수준은 .05로 설정하였다. [결과] DLK와 RDLK 조간에서 수행된 딥 스쿼트 동작 시 발목, 무릎, 엉덩 관절의 최대 굴곡 각도, 골반의 최저 높이와구간별 소요 시간 요인들은 통계적으로 높은 신뢰도를 나타내어 동작의 동일성을 확인하였다. 딥 스쿼트 시 요추 관절의 최대 굴곡 각도는 DLK 조건에 비해 RDLK 조건에서 통계적으로 작은 수치를 나타내었다. 요추 관절의 최대 굴곡, 좌측 굴곡, 좌측 모멘트와 압축력 요인들에서도 DLK 조건보다 RDLK 조건의 딥 스쿼트 동작 시 통계적으로 작은 수치를 나타내었다. [결론] 본 연구의 결과는 딥 스쿼트 시 동적 요추 후만 제어가 요추 관절의 상해 위험성을 감소시킬 수 있는 중요 요인임을 제시하였다.
Abstract
PURPOSE This study analyzed the effect of dynamic lumbar kyphosis on the biomechnical factors affecting the lumbar joints during deep squats. METHODS Thirty adults in their 20s who had experienced weight training for more than one year participated in this study (age: 23.4±3.5years old, height: 175.3±4.3cm, weight: 75.8±6.5kg, squat single repetition maximum (1RM) weight: 115.3±19.5kg). Under both restricted dynamic lumbar kyphosis (RDLK) and dynamic lumbar kyphosis (DLK), subjects completed one repetition of deep squats at a load of 70% of their 1-RM weight. To verify the consistency of deep squat movements performed under DLK and RDLK conditions, intra-rater reliability was analyzed using intra-class correlation . The biomechnical variables of the lumbar joint were calculated during DLK and RDLK deep squats. Paired sample t-tests (IBM SPSS 27.0, Armonk, New York, USA) were used for statistical verification. RESULTS During the deep squat movement performed in DLK and RDLK conditions, the peak angles of the ankle, knee, and hip joints, the minimum height of the pelvis, and the time and tempo showed statistically high reliability, confirming the accuracy of the movement. The peak flexion angle and moment, left flexion moment, left rotation moment, and compression force factors of the lumbar joint during deep squat were significantly lower in RDLK than in DLK. CONCLUSIONS Restricting lumbar dynamic kyphosis during deep squats is essential for decreasing the risk of lumbar joint injury.
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