Oxidative Stress and Apoptosis in Goldfish (Carassius auratus) Caused by Exposure to Different Concentrations of Micro-polystyrene
1
조회
0
다운로드
0
인용
0
참고문헌
키워드
초록
Microplastic contamination in waterbodies is a growing source of concern for researchers and other stakeholders. We investigated oxidative stress and toxicity in goldfish (Carassius auratus) in response to exposure to 1-μm diameter micro-polystyrene (MP) at concentrations of 0, 10, 100, and 1000 beads/mL (MP 0, MP 10, MP 100, and MP 1000 groups) for 7 d (at day 0, 1, 3, 5, and 7). We analyzed the survival rates; superoxide dismutase (SOD) and catalase (CAT) mRNA expression levels in the liver; SOD and CAT activity in the plasma; caspase-3 mRNA expression in the liver; and the levels of hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) in plasma. Terminal transferase dUTP nick end labeling (TUNEL) assays were also conducted to determine apoptosis levels in the liver. All fish in the MP 1000 group died by day 7 and the MP 100 group had a lower survival rate than the MP 10 and MP 0 groups. The mRNA expression as well as SOD, CAT, and caspase-3 activity levels were increased significantly with increases in MP concentration and exposure time. Finally, according to the TUNEL assay, more apoptosis was observed in the MP 1000 group at day 5 than in other groups. In summary, MP concentrations above 100 beads/mL caused death and oxidative stress to goldfish. We conclude that MP can cause oxidative stress and apoptosis in goldfish, which leads to death.
Abstract
Microplastic contamination in waterbodies is a growing source of concern for researchers and other stakeholders. We investigated oxidative stress and toxicity in goldfish (Carassius auratus) in response to exposure to 1-μm diameter micro-polystyrene (MP) at concentrations of 0, 10, 100, and 1000 beads/mL (MP 0, MP 10, MP 100, and MP 1000 groups) for 7 d (at day 0, 1, 3, 5, and 7). We analyzed the survival rates; superoxide dismutase (SOD) and catalase (CAT) mRNA expression levels in the liver; SOD and CAT activity in the plasma; caspase-3 mRNA expression in the liver; and the levels of hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) in plasma. Terminal transferase dUTP nick end labeling (TUNEL) assays were also conducted to determine apoptosis levels in the liver. All fish in the MP 1000 group died by day 7 and the MP 100 group had a lower survival rate than the MP 10 and MP 0 groups. The mRNA expression as well as SOD, CAT, and caspase-3 activity levels were increased significantly with increases in MP concentration and exposure time. Finally, according to the TUNEL assay, more apoptosis was observed in the MP 1000 group at day 5 than in other groups. In summary, MP concentrations above 100 beads/mL caused death and oxidative stress to goldfish. We conclude that MP can cause oxidative stress and apoptosis in goldfish, which leads to death.
참고문헌 (28)
- Aliko V, "Antioxidant defense system, immune response and erythron profile modulation in goldfish Carassius auratus, after acute manganese treatment", Fish Shellfish Immunol, 76, pp.101~109 (2018)[DOI]
- Besseling E, "Nanoplastic affects growth of Scenedesmus obliquus and reproduction of Daphnia magna", Environ Sci Technol, 48(20), pp.12336~12343 (2014)[DOI]
- Choi JS, "Toxicological effects of irregularly shaped and spherical microplastics in a marine teleost, the sheepshead minnow Cyprinodon variegatus", Mar Pollut Bull, 129(1), pp.231~240 (2018)[DOI]
- De Boeck G, "Copper toxicity in gibel carp Carassius auratus gibelio: importance of sodium and glycogen", Comp Biochem Physiol C, 152(3), pp.332~337 (2010)[DOI]
- Eo S, "Spatiotemporal distribution and annual load of microplastics in the Nakdong River, South Korea", Water Res, 160, pp.228~237 (2019)[DOI]
- Espinosa C, "In vitro effects of virgin microplastics on fish head-kidney leucocyte activities", Environ Pollut, 235, pp.30~38 (2018)[DOI]
- Gao JW, "Effects of micro plastics on food intake and antioxidant defense system of Daphnia magna", Environ Sci Res, 34(5), pp.1205~1212 (2021)[DOI]
- Geyer R, "Production, use, and fate of all plastics ever made", Sci Adv, 3(7), pp.e1700782~ (2017)[DOI]
- Hamed M, "Antioxidants and molecular damage in Nile Tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) after exposure to microplastics", Environ Sci Pollut Res, 27(13), pp.14581~14588 (2020)[DOI]
- Hidalgo-Ruz V, "Microplastics in the marine environment: a review of the methods used for identification and quantification", Environ Sci Technol, 46(6), pp.3060~3075 (2012)[DOI]
- Jiang WD, "Copper exposure induces toxicity to the antioxidant system via the destruction of Nrf2", ARE signaling and caspase-3-regulated DNA damage in fish muscle: amelioration by myo-inositol, 2015, pp.159, 245~255
- Kashiwagi A, "Comparison of catalase in diploid and haploid Rana rugosa using heat and chemical inactivation techniques", Comp Biochem Physiol C, 118(3), pp.499~503 (1997)[DOI]
- Lee J, "Relationships among the abundances of plastic debris in different size classes on beaches in South Korea", Mar Pollut Bull, 77(1–2), pp.349~354 (2013)[DOI]
- Li GX, "Effects of microplastics combined with cadmium on antioxidant physiology of Ruditapes philippinarum", Environ Dev, 32(12), pp.100~102 (2020)[DOI]
- Mates JM, "Effects of antioxidant enzymes in the molecular control of reactive oxygen species toxicology", Toxicol, 153(1–3), pp.83~104 (2000)[DOI]
- Nilsson GE, "Hypoxic survival strategies in two fishe s: e xtreme anoxia tole rance in the North European crucian carp and natural hypoxic preconditioning in a coral-reef shark", J Exp Biol, 207(18), pp.3131~3139 (2004)[DOI]
- Porter AG, "Emerging roles of caspase-3in apoptosis", Cell Death Differ, 6(2), pp.99~104 (1999)[DOI]
- Qiang L, "Exposure to polystyrene microplastics impairs gonads of zebrafish Danio rerio", Chemosphere, 263, pp.128161~ (2021)[DOI]
- Roch P, "Defense mechanisms and disease prevention in farmed marine invertebrates", Aquaculture, 172(1–2), pp.125~145 (1999)[DOI]
- Song JA, "Exposure of bay scallop Argopecten irradians to micro-polystyrene: bioaccumulation and toxicity", Comp Biochem Physiol C, 236, pp.108801~ (2020)[DOI]
- Sussarellu R, "Oyster reproduction is affected by exposure to polystyrene microplastics", P Natl Acad Sci USA, 113(9), pp.2430~2435 (2016)[DOI]
- Takada M, "Biogeography and evolution of the Carassius auratus-complex in East Asia", BMC Evolut Biol, 10(1), pp.1~18 (2010)[DOI]
- Tallec K, "Nanoplastics impaired oyster free living stages, gametes and embryos", Environ pollut, 242, pp.1226~1235 (2018)[DOI]
- Wright SL, "The physical impacts of microplastics on marine organisms: a review", Environ Pollut, 178, pp.483~492 (2013)[DOI]
- Yang H, "Toxicity comparison of nano-sized and micron-sized microplastics to goldfish Carassius auratus larvae", J Hazard Mater, 388, pp.122058~ (2020)[DOI]
- Yin K, "A comparative review of microplastics and nanoplastics: toxicity hazards on digestive, reproductive and nervous system", Sci Total Environ, 774(20), pp.145758~ (2021)[DOI]
- Yin L, "Polystyrene microplastics alter the behavior, energy reserve and nutritional composition of marine jacopever Sebastes schlegelii", J Hazard Mater, 360, pp.97~105 (2018)[DOI]
- Zhao S, "Suspended microplastics in the surface water of the Yangtze estuary system, China:first observations on occurrence, distribution", Mar Pollut Bull, 86(1–2), pp.562~568 (2014)[DOI]