Transformation of National Strategy in Postwar Vietnam: Dependency to Engagement
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A national strategy is a composite of orientations and approaches that provides contextual bases for the formulation of specific foreign policies. In postwar Vietnam, the national strategy has been both to maintain national independence in international relations and to secure necessary resources for economic development. In the two decades between 1975 and 1995, Vietnam’s national strategy has shifted from Marxist-Leninist formalism to new pragmatism; in turn and during the same period, Vietnam’s policy has shifted from pro-Soviet dependency to an adaptive engagement with the United States and a transition to the market. Not only have conjunctures in international relations significantly affected the trajectory of Vietnamese national strategy, but also political leaders’ self-reflection relative to the nation’s development path has expedited a pragmatic adaptation for accessing international resources by way of normalization with the United States. In comparison to the Vietnamese case, the political situation in North Korea, preoccupied by the military-first politics, overshadows a strategic shift in the near future.
Abstract
A national strategy is a composite of orientations and approaches that provides contextual bases for the formulation of specific foreign policies. In postwar Vietnam, the national strategy has been both to maintain national independence in international relations and to secure necessary resources for economic development. In the two decades between 1975 and 1995, Vietnam’s national strategy has shifted from Marxist-Leninist formalism to new pragmatism; in turn and during the same period, Vietnam’s policy has shifted from pro-Soviet dependency to an adaptive engagement with the United States and a transition to the market. Not only have conjunctures in international relations significantly affected the trajectory of Vietnamese national strategy, but also political leaders’ self-reflection relative to the nation’s development path has expedited a pragmatic adaptation for accessing international resources by way of normalization with the United States. In comparison to the Vietnamese case, the political situation in North Korea, preoccupied by the military-first politics, overshadows a strategic shift in the near future.