지역 기반 박물관에서의 OBL 프로그램 개발 및 적용: 지역 문화유산 및 지역에 대한 관심을 중심으로

Abstract

Since the late 1990's, local government system has been adopted in the Korean society. Therefore our society started to emphasize the importance of local culture and, today, there are various cultural and arts institutions including cultural foundation and culture centers in regions, and it is necessary to study local culture. Museum, representing culture and arts, is a non-formal and lifelong education institution, being related closely a society. These museums had long focused on exhibition, collection, investigation, research, preservation and management. However, since 2007, they have paid attention on their education function, and the concerns have been expanded to the discussion about education's method and goal rather than cases of museum education or importance of activities after that. One of the factors to define and characterize identity of museum education is object owned by a museum, and it could say that the objects are the bases of museum's existence and the primary element for museum education. Therefore, the core of museum education is in the Object-Based Learning(OBL) and learning and experiences of museum audiences are made according to characteristics and contents of exhibited objections. In this context, this study, beyond education focusing on curators in conventional museum, de- velops the program for the OBL, using local cultural heritages in community-based museums. For education, the program with OBL linked to the exhibition halls in the ‘Baedari Match Village Museum’ was developed, and the museum was opened in 2019 as a village one, and with the theme about the history of match, match industry in Incheon, and life and citizens in the space of the former‘Chosun Inchon Co., Ltd.’ located in Geumgok-dong, Incheon in 1917. The researcher, developing the program, thought that main object of the museum was match, and learning theory for emphasizing the object was OBL, and selected the theory. Accordingly, the study developed and applied the OBL program in the community-based museum for second grader learners in elementary school nearby the museum. Through the literature review, community-based museum and OBL were studied, and the draft of the program was developed based on ADDIE Model according to the design principle of the OBL program by Inae Kang and Myeon- gki Kim(2016). And then, the program was modified through consultations with experts and the final draft of the program was drawn. Education was conducted in two sessions with 63 learners from three classes of second grader students in the elementary school nearby the museum during the late September and the early October in 2019. When conducting the educational program, the changes in concerns of learners on community and local cultural heritages were reviewed by mind map and program surveys by the learners and interviews data after second session. As a result, the learners have had bigger interests about their community and local cultural heritages than the past before their participation in the program, and it was also confirmed that they could raise their interests in other local cultural heritages in the neighboring region. This study has a significance that the OBL in community-based museum was shown and that how the programs had influences on learners in community-based museum. It is expected that the study will provide practical help to the researchers who would like to develop museum educational programs in community-based museum in future.