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기업 규모별 고용자수 분포가 지역의 고용 성장에 미치는 영향: 공간계량경제모형의 응용

Employment Distribution by Firm Size and Regional Employment Growth in Korea: A Spatial Econometric Modeling Approach

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초록

본 논문은 공간계량경제모형을 응용하여 지역별 기업 규모에 따른 고용자 분포가 2005~2013년의 고용성장에 미치는 영향을 실증적으로 분석하는 것을 목적으로 하였다. 분석결과에 따르면, 고용자수 4명 이하 소상공기업보다는 소기업 및 중기업의 고용 창출효과가 상대적으로 큰 것으로 나타났다. 또한 소상공기업 및 소기업・중기업・대기업의 고용점유율이 고르게 분포된 지역일수록 높은 수준의 고용 성장이 이루어지고 있는 것으로 분석되었다. 본 논문은 장기적인 관점에서 규모별 고용 분포의 고용 창출 효과 분석을 수행하였다는 점에서 의의가 있다. 또한 본 연구결과는 지역 고용 정책의 초점이 고용 창출에 기여할 가능성이 높은 핵심 소기업 지원과 규모별 기업간 생산 네트워크 구축에 맞추어질 필요가 있다는 정책적 시사점을 제공한다.

Abstract

This study empirically examines the effect of the employment distribution by firm size on regional employment growth from 2005 to 2013. We measure the employment distribution as the share of employees across five firm size categories that range from micro-sized firms to large firms and using uniform index. Our analysis based on regional-level data from the Census on Establishments and we conduct analysis by using a spatial econometric modeling approach. According to the results, we find that regional employment share in firms which more than five employees are more important in employment growth than employment share in micro-sized firms. We also find that regions which possess more evenness in the firm size distribution secure higher employment growth rate. From a planning perspective, this study represents an additional step in framing policy discussions and identifying ways of thinking about regional economic growth and development.

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