부실금융회사의 조기정리를 위한 예금자보호법제의 개선방안
A Study on Improvement of Depositor Protection Legislation for Early Resolution of Insolvent Financial Companies
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초록
2007년 말부터 발생한 세계적인 금융위기를 계기로 주요국은 다양한 분야에 걸쳐 금융규제를 새롭게 하고 있다. 부실금융회사(insolvent financial companies)에 대한 조기정리(early resolution) 등 효과적인 정리체계(resolution regimes)의 구축도 그 중의 하나이다. 우리나라의 경우에는 2015년 예금자보호법의 개정을 통하여 부실금융회사의 범위를 넓힘으로써, 조기정리에 관한 여지를 남겨두고는 있으나, 그 절차 및 처리구조에 관한 상세한 법규는 도입되지 아니한 상태이다. 그리하여 이 연구에서는 부실금융회사가 조기정리 되는 경우 주주권의 소멸 또는 축소(extinction or downsizing)에 관한 주요국의 논의상황을 살펴보고, 그 차이점을 분석한 후 우리나라의 예금자보호법제의 개선방안을 제시하였다. 나아가 부실금융회사의 조기정리에 필요한 몇 가지 법･정책적 방안도 제시하여 보았다. 구체적으로는 ① 법원역할의 일부제한 및 행정절차 중심구조의 법제설계, ② 독립된 법제구축, ③ 일반채권대비 예금자채권에 우선권(depositor preference)을 부여하는 정책의 도입, ④ 금융회사의 도덕적 해이(moral hazard) 방지, ⑤ 금융시장안정화정책의 강화 등에 관한 내용을 포함하고 있다.
Abstract
As a result of the global financial crisis that began in late 2007, major countries are revising their financial regulations across a variety of sectors. One of these is the establishment of effective resolution regimes, such as for early resolution of insolvent financial companies. In Korea, the amendment of the Depositor Protection Act of 2015 extends the range of insolvent financial institutions and widens the scope for early resolution of insolvent financial companies, but detailed regulations on the procedures and structure have not been introduced. Therefore, in this study we examine the discussions in major countries on the extinction or downsizing of shareholders' rights in the case of early resolution of insolvent financial institutions. After analyzing the differences, methods of improvement are suggested for depositor protection legislation in Korea. In addition, we present some legal and regulatory measures necessary for early resolution of insolvent financial institutions. More specifically, these include (1) a policy that partly restricts the role of the courts with a centralized legislative structure for administrative procedures, (2) an independent legal system, (3) introduction of a policy to provide a priority for depositor bonds and general bonds, (4) prevention of moral hazards at financial institutions, and (5) strengthening the financial market stabilization policy.
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