從敘事治療探討小說中的創傷書寫- 以韓江的《少年來了》和哈金的《瘋狂》為例 -

Abstract

Taking “Historical Event” such as “Taiwan, The 228 Incident”, “Taiwan’s White Terror”, “South Korea, Gwangju Uprising” and “China, Tiananmen Square Incident” as the research topic for East-Asian Literature, we often take “National Memory and National Trauma” as the viewpoint for thinking, hence literary works about disordered political institution after World War II, the writing of historical memories, and the description of trauma experiences are naturally produced. On the other hand, if we take politics, judiciary, human rights or compensating as the standpoint to think, definitely the “Transitional Justice” issue will not be ignored. After Reading Han Kang (韓江) Human Acts (少年來了) and Ha Jin (哈金) The Crazed (瘋狂)–the former one’s background is set on “Gwangju Uprising” in 1980 and the later one which the historical context in it is China, Cultural Revolution and Tiananmen Square Incident, I found a similar observation–people bear firmly in minds of history lessons. Besides, when people face to trauma memories, they would reconsider the essence of life and humanity caring–it’s a transnational–from eastern to western culture– “Universality Need”. I took Han Kang Human Acts and Ha Jin The Crazed as examples, elaborating my observation of the “Fundamental Universality Need”. I classified the two novels into “Witness Literature”. Through the description of trauma experiences of them, it is recognized that when people face to trauma by writing, it also rendered the effect of “Cure” and “Heal”. By using “Narrative Therapy” which is a method that belongs to Postmodernism Orientation for interpreting literature works, historical stories are re-described, and the trauma memories are reconstructed by novelists and their characters in the novels, bringing a new, powerful story in the novels. Moreover, it makes the writers, the characters in novels and readers to reconstruct their self-images and treat from psychological trauma.