중국 민족주의의 발흥과 근대적 대중에 대한 인식 -양계초의 사유를 중심으로-

Abstract

Nationalism is the key principle in the foundation of modern states. It was a product resulting from peoples revolutions in the Western societies since the French Revolution. Nationalism was introduced to China via Japan by Liang Qi Chao in 1899. Nationalism is different from spontaneous tribalism by nature. It is based on the sense of solidarity and homogeneity among the individual members. Therefore, culture has taken nationalistic tendencies since modern ages. Liang-QiChao and Zhang-Taiyan held literary opinions of different manners due to their conflicting views of nationalism.Liang-QiChao understood the world to be in competition. The competition was among states and among nations. Thus he insisited the foundation of rich and powerful modern state through strong nationalism. On the contrary, Zhang-taiyans nationalism was based on Chinese tradition. In his viewpoint, the cause of the crisis China was from the Qing Dynasty. Thus he insisted tribalistic nationalism asserting the necessity of independence from Manchuria.Liang Qichaos modernistic nationalism was consistently implied in his writings, in which he sought plans to pursue popular and general reforms. Although the his literary opinions based on their nationalism seems contrary to each other in part, they contributed to the establishment of national culture and gained popularity.