≪論語≫ 문장의 언어단위 분류와 비율

Abstract

The linguistic units of of “LunYu(論語)” have shown several kinds. Based on the part of speech, sentential function and meaning, these units can be classified into five kinds as noun units(including numerical phrases, directional phrases, ‘zhe(者)’ phrases and ‘suo(所’) phrases), verb units, adjective units, preposition units, and subject-predicate units. The number of usage and the percentage of each unit is as following: noun units: 976(58.6%. Including numerical phrases, directional phrases, ‘zhe(者)’ phrases and ‘suo(所’) phrases); verb units: 272(16.3%); adjective units: 37(2.2%); preposition units: 266(16%); subject-predicate units: 114(6.9%). Noun and verb are the prime words in a certain sentence, so the number of two units is very large. The usage of preposition units is relevant with that of verb, so it appears comparatively frequent in “LunYu(論語)”. Subject-predicate unit is very unique in both old and comtemporary Chinese. Grammatical constructions are very important categories in Chinese, because it lacks grammatical marker unlike other languages. As an entity, subject-predicate units can be largely used as subject and predicate. It reflects one of characteristics of Chinese as an isolated language. There are only a few adjective units in “LunYu(論語)”.