현대 이슬람사상연구: 이란의 이슬람혁명사상을 중심으로

Abstract

Current intellectual discourses and popular debates in Iran revolve around notions of civil society and rights of citizenship. These post-revolutionary socio-political discourses have thematized concepts of civil society, including individual, civil, democratic, and human rights on a scale that seems discontinuous with the concerns, preoccupations, and slogans of the tumultuous period immediately following the establishment of the Islamic Republic in 1979. The roots of the current debates can be located in the encounter between Islamic revolutionary discourse in Iran and cultural aspects of modernity during the two decades before the revolution of 1979. The three main architects of the Islamic revolutionary discourse in Iran, Ali Shariati, Ruhollah Khomeini, Morteza Motahhari, advanced serious challenges aimed at the discourse of modernity that went back to the early Iranian thinkers of modernity in the nineteenth century. There have been some attempts to address the relation of the revolutionary Islamic thought in Iran and certain aspects of modernity. However, there have been few attempts to discuss the metaphysical foundations of the revolutionary Islamic discourse in Iran and its relations to modernity and issues of rights. This article attempts to address this question by drawing on some of the theoretical insights on modernity grounded in critical theory to analyze the ontological foundations in the thoughts of Shariati, Khomeini, and Motahhari and their relations to modernity and modern concepts of rights.