시아파 정치사상의 특성 연구

Abstract

The Sunni - Shii divergences have been studied in a variety of ways. Shiism as a social protest against Sunnism does not detract from the importance of analysing the doctrinal differences between the two sects. Such analysis would not only widen our understanding of an important aspect of Muslim intellectual history, but would also show the extent to which each school has affected the political thinking of the other. These differences can be studied in one of two ways: first, by identifying those characteristics of Shiism which explicitly differentiate it from Sunnism, and secondly, by surveying some of the crucial arguments in the deliberate polemics between them. The distinguishing features of Shiism in relation to Sunnism should be sought not only in its fundamental principles, but perhaps more important in its ethos, in the tone of historically developed attitudes which have informed and infused the Shi stance on the controversial issues of Islamic history, society and dogma. The actual disagreements between the Sunnis and Shiis in certain details of theology and legal practices have not been as important as this ethos. In trying to understand this ethos, one has to deal with historical Shiism, namely a Shiism which has taken shape in the actual, living experience of specific groups of Muslims, through attitudes which stemmed sometimes clearly from Shii tenets, and sometimes from individual interpretations and a slowly emerging consensus, without necessarily being recognised as fundamental principles in the Shii sources. Estoerism is closely interwined with Shii theosophy. Idealism has had a rather paradoxical effect on Shii politiclal behaviour. Aloofness from politics was heightened by another implication of Shii idealism which maintained the administration of genuine justice to be impossible save with the return of the Imam.