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이란 형법의 배교죄 논쟁 연구

A Study on the Controversies Regarding Apostasy in the Islamic Penal Code of Iran

신양섭
한국이슬람학회 (Korean Association Of The Islamic Studies)|2017.10|한국이슬람학회논총 (Annals of Korean Association of the Islamic Studies)|제27권 제3호|pp. 37-66

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참고문헌

키워드

인권종교의 자유human rightsreligious freedomIran이란이슬람 형법apostasy배교죄islamic penal code
주제분류종교학

초록

Iran has prosecuted many individuals on charges of apostasy. Muslims who hold different views from the conservative establishment, Christian converts and Bahá'ís have been targeted of apostasy. In addition, Iran has used the charge of apostasy against her political opposition. Shari’ah law does not have a uniform definition of apostasy. While converting to another religion typically constitutes apostasy, jurists have various opinions on other acts that could render a person an apostate. The Islamic Penal Code has not defined apostasy. Therefore, judges have the discretion to adjudicate apostasy cases based on their own knowledge of Shari’ah law and fatwas. In many cases, the convictions have been eventually reversed, demonstrating the lack of clarity regarding apostasy laws. Prosecutions and convictions based on charges of apostasy and swearing at the Prophet are contrary to international human rights law. Iran is violating the freedom of thought, conscience and religion. Moreover, by imposing the death penalty for religious crimes, Iran is also violating the right to life.

Abstract

Iran has prosecuted many individuals on charges of apostasy. Muslims who hold different views from the conservative establishment, Christian converts and Bahá'ís have been targeted of apostasy. In addition, Iran has used the charge of apostasy against her political opposition. Shari’ah law does not have a uniform definition of apostasy. While converting to another religion typically constitutes apostasy, jurists have various opinions on other acts that could render a person an apostate. The Islamic Penal Code has not defined apostasy. Therefore, judges have the discretion to adjudicate apostasy cases based on their own knowledge of Shari’ah law and fatwas. In many cases, the convictions have been eventually reversed, demonstrating the lack of clarity regarding apostasy laws. Prosecutions and convictions based on charges of apostasy and swearing at the Prophet are contrary to international human rights law. Iran is violating the freedom of thought, conscience and religion. Moreover, by imposing the death penalty for religious crimes, Iran is also violating the right to life.

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