이슬람사회의 사형제도에 대한 연구 -이란과 사우디아라비아, 예멘을 중심으로-

Abstract

Many Islamic countries are limiting religious commandments and customs to a private territory with religious divisions as we enter the 21st century. Countries such as Turkey are abolishing the Hudud punishment and replacing it with the French punishments. Meanwhile, they are completely excluding Islamic components from administrations and jurisdiction and recently they have abolished the death penalty and adultery law. Countries like Turkey, Tunisia, Morocco and other Islamic countries that have experienced colonization from Europe have been introduced to the western laws so the Shariah’s application is being limited. Like this the world’s 15 hundred million 7 thousand people and 57 Islamic countries are having different spectrums rather than being one single division. Therefore it should be abstained to take theoretical approaches and generalize the Islamic death penalty policy. The meaning of Islam is that there are more than 99 different religious definitions and variations in the god(Allah) they believe in, this rules the crime and punishment in the Islamic society in various ways. Countries such as Saudi Arabia and Iran are still conservative on the Islamic commandments and are combined with is whereas countries near the Mediterranean sea such as Turkey, Lebanon, Morocco, etc have been in contact directly and indirectly with other cultures and are becoming more open and worldly. There are Islamic countries such as Algeria, Morocco, Tunisia, etc that are still maintaining the death penalty moratorium whereas there is countries such as Lebanon and Jordan where citizen organizations lead actively the disputes over the problems with the death penalty. Countries like Morocco in the Northern African region have not been executing for 14 years, and the government is looking at reforming the jurisdiction system. Predictions on different political and social disputes are going to be raised based on the fact that our country has been having problems with Middle East countries recently. Our country needs to give interest in Islamic jurisdiction which has been neglected especially because our country is not just a surrounding country in the international society anymore but a main country which needs to plan international standards on human rights and human dignity. Additionally, problems on the death penalty policy will arise as countries frequently exchange and travel back and forth. Also, there are only two Islamic countries that have signed the extradition treaty with our country. However, if the extradition treaty is expanded and signed with countries with severe death penalty policies like Iran, Saudi and Yemen we will need to look at what kind of agreement we would need with the countries with different agreement policies.