突厥 阿史那氏의 原住地 再檢討 ― 阿史那氏의 發生과 移住, 그리고 勢力化 過程 ―

Abstract

The short, unclear record that says after Ju-Qu-Shi(沮渠氏) power was defeated by Northern Wei(北魏) in the mid-fifth century, he escaped to southern Altai(金山) Mts. and became an ironworker of Rou-Ran(柔然), makes it uncertain where Ashina clan(阿史那氏) occurred and when and why he moved to southern Altai Mts. In order to fill the temporal gap of that short record and figure out the birthplace and original residence of Ashina clan, this study newly examines another myth that says Ashina clan occurred when ten sons born by a female wolf in the enormous basin in the hole of the cave in the mountain located in the north of Turfan (Gao-chang-Guo, 高昌國) married the local women. And connecting the two records temporally, this study examines their feasibility as data, and also it re-examines and connects the extracts found as facts with the result of the field trip and previous research results. As a result, unlike the previous view that the birthplace of Ashina clan was in the base of Tian-shan(天山) Mts. in southern Jimsar(吉木薩爾), this study found the description of a large basin inside the hole of the cave in the mountain located in northern Turfan and the result that the Barköl(巴里坤) basin in the eastern mountain range of Tian-shan Mts. with similar topography could be the birthplace. Moreover, this could be more concertized through the process of arranging the fierce political competition around Tian-shan Mts. before and after the sixth century when Ashina clan living in the Barköl basin could not but move to the southern Altai Mts.. Therefore, by re-examining the birthplace of Ashina clan, this study could systematize the early history of Türks(突厥) more clearly which had been left as the time of mythology with no proper understanding. In other words, Ashina clan occurred in the Barköl basin in the late sixth century and had to move to southern Altai Mts. around 508 during the war between Gao-Che(高車) and Rou-Ran. After he grew up, he subjugated Gao-Che in Jimasar at the northern Tian-shan Mts. and secured power and also defeated even Rou-Ran in the steppe of Mongolia to found the nation in 552. All this process is closely connected to the competition between Chinese dynasties, Rou-Ran, Ephtalite, Gao-Che, Tu-Yu-Hun(吐谷渾), and many other Oasis powers divided into the north and the south in the Tian-shan Mts. region.