본문 바로가기
KERD
논문KCI 등재

국가 능력 약화와 이라크 국내피난민 문제의 장기화

The Relationships between State Weakness and Prolongation of Internally Displaced Persons(IDPs) Problem in Iraq

황의현
한국이슬람학회 (Korean Association Of The Islamic Studies)|2024.06|한국이슬람학회논총 (Annals of Korean Association of the Islamic Studies)|제34권 제2호|pp. 27-54

0

조회

0

다운로드

0

인용

0

참고문헌

키워드

이주Migration이라크Iraq강제이주국가 능력 약화비무슬림이슬람국가(IS)Islamic State(IS)Kurdistan Regional Government국내피난민쿠르디스탄 자치정부야지디인Internally Displaced Personsnon-MuslimsYazidisForced DisplacementState Weakness
주제분류종교학

초록

This study analyzes the reason why Iraq’s IDP problem has not been solved to date fter the defeat of IS, and argues that weakened state capacity is the reason. Since the fall of the Ba'ath regime in 2003, the newly established Iraqi central government has been unable to maintain domestic security and stability due to weak state capacity, creating an environment conducive to the growth of Islamist extremists and Shiite militant groups. Meanwhile, the new political structure, which distributes power among religious, sectarian, and ethnic groups, has resulted in the politicization of identity and exacerbated divisions and confrontations among these groups. Therefore, the prolongation of Iraq’s IDP crisis must be understood as the result of a complex effects of political problems that have persisted in the country since 2003.

Abstract

This study analyzes the reason why Iraq’s IDP problem has not been solved to date fter the defeat of IS, and argues that weakened state capacity is the reason. Since the fall of the Ba'ath regime in 2003, the newly established Iraqi central government has been unable to maintain domestic security and stability due to weak state capacity, creating an environment conducive to the growth of Islamist extremists and Shiite militant groups. Meanwhile, the new political structure, which distributes power among religious, sectarian, and ethnic groups, has resulted in the politicization of identity and exacerbated divisions and confrontations among these groups. Therefore, the prolongation of Iraq’s IDP crisis must be understood as the result of a complex effects of political problems that have persisted in the country since 2003.

참고문헌 (58)

  1. ACN International, "Life after ISIS: New challenges to Christianity in Iraq", ACN International, ~ (2020)
  2. Açıkyıldız-Şengül, Birgül, "Routledge Handbook of Minorities in the Middle East", pp.146~158 (2019), Routledge
  3. Adelman, Howard, "The Legacy of Iraq: From the 2003 War to the ‘Islamic State’", pp.167~180 (2016), Edinburgh University Press
  4. Ali, Majid Hassan, "The Forced Displacement of Ethnic and Religious Minorities in Disputed Areas in Iraq : A Case Study of the Post-2014 Yazidi Minority", AlMuntaqa, 5(1), pp.76~89 (2022)
  5. Al-Jeloo, Nicholas, "The Legacy of Iraq:From the 2003 War to the ‘Islamic State’", pp.110~122 (2016), Edinburgh University Press
  6. Amnesty International, "Banished and Dispossessed: Forced Displacement and Deliberate Destruction in Northern Iraq", Amnesty International, ~ (2016)
  7. Amnesty International, "‘Where are we supposed to go?’ Destruction and forced displacement in Kirkuk", Amnesty International, ~ (2016)
  8. Caught in the Middle: The impact of security and political fragmentation on civilian protection in Sinjar, "Center for Civilians in Conflict", Center for Civilians in Conflict, ~ (2020)
  9. Constantini Irene and Dylan O’Driscoll, "Practice of Exclusion, Narratives of Inclusion: Violence, Populations Movements and Identity Politics in Post-2014 Norther Iraq", Ethnicites, 20(3), pp.481~500 (2020)
  10. Dulz, Irene, "The Displacement of the Yezidis after the Rise of ISIS in Northern Iraq", Kurdish Studies, 4(2), pp.131~147 (2016)
  11. Euro-Mediterranean Human Rights Monitor, "Exiled At Home:Internal displacement resulted from the armed conflict in Iraq and its humanitarian consequences", Euro-Mediterranean Human Rights Monitor, ~ (2021)
  12. Iraq-Targeting of Individuals : Country of Origin Information Report, "European Union Agency for Asylum", European Union Agency for Asylum, ~ (2022)
  13. Hama, Hawra Hasan, "What Explains the Abandonment of Yezidi People by the Kurdish Force in 2014? Foreign Support of Internal Factors", Ethnopolitics, 20(4), pp.428~449 (2021)
  14. Hanish, Shak, "Christians, Yazidis, and Mandaeans in Iraq : A Survival Issue", Digest of Middle East Studies, 18(1), pp.1~16 (2009)
  15. Hanish, Shak, "The Islamic State Effect on Minorities in Iraq", Review of Arts and Humanities, 4(1), pp.7~11 (2015)
  16. Hawley, Emily, "ISIS Crimes Against the Shia : The Islamic State's Genocide Against Shia Muslims", Genocide Studies International, 11(2), pp.160~181 (2017)
  17. Iraq’s Displacement Crisis: Security and protection, "Higel, Lahib", Ceasefire Centre for Civilian Rights and Minority Rights Group International, ~ (2016)
  18. Hosseini, Seyedehbehnaz, "The Kaka‘i : A Religious Minority in Iraq", Contemporary Review of the Middle East, 5(2), pp.156~169 (2018)
  19. International Crisis Group, "Winning the Post-ISIS Battle for Iraq in Sinjar", International Crisis Group, ~ (2018)
  20. Exiles in Their Own Country : Dealing with Displacement in Post-ISIS Iraq, "International Crisis Group", International Crisis Group, ~ (2020)
  21. Iraq: Stabilising the Contested District of Sinjar, "International Crisis Group", International Crisis Group, ~ (2022)
  22. Prospects for Resolving Displacement in Areas of Limited and No Return in Sinjar District and Qahtaniya Subdistrict, "IOM Iraq", IOM Iraq, ~ (2024)
  23. Understanding Ethnoreligious Groups in Iraq : Displacement and return, "IOM Iraq", IOM Iraq, ~ (2019)
  24. Competing Interests in Shingal District : Examining the PKK-linked Structures, Defusing Tensions, "Kaválek, Tomáš", Middle East Research Center, ~ (2017)
  25. Khedir, Hew Haji, "IDPs in the Kurdistan Region of Iraq(KRI) : Intractable Return and Absence of Social Integration Policy", International Migration, 59(3), pp.145~161 (2021)
  26. Kizilhan, Jan Ilhan, "The Yazidi – Religion, Culture and Trauma", Advance in Anthropology, 7(4), pp.333~339 (2017)
  27. Knuppe, Austin J, "The Civilians’ Dilemma : How Religious and Ethnic Minorities Survived the Islamic State Occupation of Norther Iraq", The Journal of the Middle East and Africa, 14(1), pp.37~67 (2023)
  28. Kruczek, Gregory J, "Christian(Second Order)Minorities and the Struggle for the Homeland : The Assyrian Democratic Movement in Iraq and the Nineveh Plains Protection Units", The Journal of the Middle East and Africa, 12(1), pp.93~121 (2021)
  29. Lia, Brynjar, "Crusader Hirelings or Loyal Subjects? Evolving Jihadist Perspectives on Christian Minorities in the Middle East", Islam and Christian-Muslim Relations, 33(3), pp.255~280 (2022)
  30. Social Change Amidst Terror and Discrimination:Yezidis in the New Iraq, "Maisel, Sebastian", The Middle East Institute, ~, pp.Policy Brief 18 (2008)
  31. Oliaei, Houman, "Navigating Dispute and Displacement : The Yazidi Experience in Post-ISIS Iraq", Crown Center for Middle East Studies, ~ (2023)
  32. Sinjar After ISIS : Returning to Disputed Territory, "PAX", PAX, ~ (2016)
  33. Saleem, Zmkan, "Responding to instability in Iraq’s Sinjar district" (2024), Chatham House
  34. Saleem, Zmakn Ali, "The Competition for Control in Sinjar : How External Actors and Local Interests Inhibit the Sinjar Agreement" (2024), LSE Middle East Center
  35. Schmidinger, Thomas, "Beyond ISIS: History and Future of Minorites in Iraq", pp.165~174 (2019), Transnational Press
  36. Siddiqui, Nadia, "Among Brothers and Strangers: Identities in Displacement in Iraq", International Migration, 57(2), pp.80~95 (2019)
  37. Displacement and Iraq's Political Marketplace: Addressing Political Barriers to IDP Return, "Skelton, Mac", Institute for Regional and International Studies, ~ (2021)
  38. Spät, Eszter, "Yezidi Identity Politics and Political Ambitions in the Wake of the ISIS Attack", Journal of Balkan and Near Eastern Studies, 20(5), pp.420~438 (2018)
  39. 35 years of forced displacement in Iraq : Contexualising the ISIS threat, unpacking the movements, "Thibos, Cameron", Migration Policy Center, ~ (2014)
  40. The Yazidis : Perceptions of Reconciliation and Conflict, "Zoonen, Dave", Middle East Research Center, ~ (2017)
  41. Yılmaz, Arzu, "Beyond ISIS: History and Future of Minorites in Iraq", pp.175~188 (2019), Transnational Press
  42. "Iraq: Revenge attacks in Sinjar – Arab civilians pay the price for IS crimes" (2015)[URL]
  43. "Iraqi militia calls for evacuation of Sunni areas to cut support for ISIS" (2021)[URL]
  44. "Estimated 3,000 people flee armed clashes in northern Iraq" (2022)[URL]
  45. "Iraqi Yazidis take revenge as Islamic State atrocities unearthed" (2015)[URL]
  46. "Sinjar 'part of Kurdistan', regardless of what Yazidis want" (2015)[URL]
  47. "At least 100,000 Iraqi Christians forced to flee ISIS advance" (2014)[URL]
  48. "Iraq: Militias Escalate Abuses, Possibly War Crimes" (2015)[URL]
  49. "Iraq: Displacement, Detention of Suspected “ISIS Families”" (2017)[URL]
  50. "Iraq: Yezidi Fighters Allegedly Execute Civilians" (2017)[URL]
  51. "Iraq: Local Forces Banish ISIS Suspects’Families" (2018)[URL]
  52. "Iraq: Not a Homecoming" (2019)[URL]
  53. "Kurdistan Region of Iraq: Arabs Not Allowed Home" (2019)[URL]
  54. "Iraq: Compensation for ISIS Victims Too Little, Too Late" (2023)[URL]
  55. "Iraq: Political Infighting Blocking Reconstruction of Sinjar" (2023)[URL]
  56. "More Support Needed for Survivors of the Sinjar Massacre" (2022)[URL]
  57. "Iraq situation" (2024)[URL]
  58. "2020 Report on International Religious Freedom: Iraq" (2021)[URL]

관련 논문AI추천

이라크의 종파별 권력안배제도와 국가 능력 약화 관계 분석황의현중동문제연구소 · 중동문제연구2021 · 제20권 제1호바그다드와 아르빌 내부 갈등: 주권과 자결권 논쟁으로 본 이라크 연방주의 위기남옥정중동연구소 · 중동연구2025 · 제43권 제3호기후 변화의 악영향을 극대화하는 요인으로서 국가 능력 취약성: 이라크 남부 지역의 기후 위기와 이주황의현한국이슬람학회 · 한국이슬람학회논총2025 · 제35권 제1호Brutalized and Internalized Ethno-Religious Conflicts in Iraq from 2003 to 2009진용기중동문제연구소 · 중동문제연구2016 · 제15권 제1호이라크 티슈린 운동의 함의와 광장 민주주의 실현 가능성 연구남옥정한국중동학회 · 한국중동학회논총2022 · 제42권 제3호권력 분배 제도에 갇힌 이라크 시민사회: 티슈린 운동이 보여준 가능성과 정치 제도적 한계황의현아시아연구소 · 아시아리뷰2024 · 제14권 제3호

이 간행물의 다른 논문 (5건)

소프트 파워를 통한 UAE 실리 외교 전략: 종교적 화해 메시지를 중심으로구기연, 안소연pp. 1-26공공외교의 주체로서 튀르키예 디아스포라: 독일과 미국 내 외교활동 사례를 중심으로이효복, 박수현pp. 54-78The Role of Cross-Cultural Intersection in Shaping Islamic Architecture (Study of Dome of the Rock and Umayyad Mosque of Damascus)Motahare Mozafaripp. 79-106아랍 주요국 방산 연구 - GCC 에너지 富國(사우디ㆍUAEㆍ카타르)과 이집트를 중심으로 -안현주pp. 107-136터키 문학에 나타난 여성의 근대적 자아의식 -소설 『내 마음의 낯섦』을 중심으로-이난아pp. 137-162
원문 보기