배 과원의 재배형태별 토양성 거미군집의 생물다양성
Biodiversity of Epigeic Spider Community in Pear Orchards Managed using Different Farming Methods
1
조회
0
다운로드
0
인용
0
참고문헌
키워드
초록
This study was conducted to compare the community structure and biodiversity of epigeic spiders between pear fields cultivated by integrated pest management (IPM) and organic methods. This is the first study of this kind to be conducted in Korea. Eighty-four spider species from 22 families were identified among the collected 2,489 arthropods, with 754 individuals being sampled from IPM fields and 1,735 individuals from organic fields. Generally, Theridiidae, Linyphiidae, Lycosidae, Agelenidae, Gnaphosidae, and Salticidae were the dominant spider families in the pear orchard regardless of the farming methods, and species richness and abundance were higher in organic fields than in IPM fields. The dominant species were the wolf spiders (Lycosidae) and stone spiders (Gnaphosidae), and their cumulative abundance was 70.7% in IPM fields and 72.7% in organic fields. The community structure between organic and IPM fields was heterogeneous, with a 45% similarity level. Biodiversity, species richness, abundance, and species diversity index were higher in organic fields than in IPM fields, and significantly different between the farming methods. Seasonal fluctuations in biodiversity were similar in both IPM and organic fields. The species richness and species diversity index increased and the abundance decreased in the second half of the cultivation period. This study on the community structure and biodiversity of epigeic spiders, which form one of the most important predator groups, will provide principal ecological and faunistic information required to maintain the biodiversity of useful arthropods in agricultural ecosystems and help implement sustainable agriculture based on the active use of natural enemies.
Abstract
This study was conducted to compare the community structure and biodiversity of epigeic spiders between pear fields cultivated by integrated pest management (IPM) and organic methods. This is the first study of this kind to be conducted in Korea. Eighty-four spider species from 22 families were identified among the collected 2,489 arthropods, with 754 individuals being sampled from IPM fields and 1,735 individuals from organic fields. Generally, Theridiidae, Linyphiidae, Lycosidae, Agelenidae, Gnaphosidae, and Salticidae were the dominant spider families in the pear orchard regardless of the farming methods, and species richness and abundance were higher in organic fields than in IPM fields. The dominant species were the wolf spiders (Lycosidae) and stone spiders (Gnaphosidae), and their cumulative abundance was 70.7% in IPM fields and 72.7% in organic fields. The community structure between organic and IPM fields was heterogeneous, with a 45% similarity level. Biodiversity, species richness, abundance, and species diversity index were higher in organic fields than in IPM fields, and significantly different between the farming methods. Seasonal fluctuations in biodiversity were similar in both IPM and organic fields. The species richness and species diversity index increased and the abundance decreased in the second half of the cultivation period. This study on the community structure and biodiversity of epigeic spiders, which form one of the most important predator groups, will provide principal ecological and faunistic information required to maintain the biodiversity of useful arthropods in agricultural ecosystems and help implement sustainable agriculture based on the active use of natural enemies.
참고문헌 (29)
- Bostanian, N. J., "Effects of pesticide on spiders (Araneae) in quebec apple orchards", Canadian Entomol, 116, pp.663~675 (1984)
- Clarke, K. R., "PRIMER v6: User manual", tutorial, 2006
- Clausen, I. H. S, "Design of research work based on a pilot study dealing with the effect of pesticides on spiders in a sugar-beet field", Acta Zool. Fennica, 190, pp.69~74 (1990)
- "European communities council regulation No. 2092/91" (1991)[URL]
- Desneux, N., "The Sublethal Effects of Pesticides on Beneficial Arthropods", Annu. Rev. Entomol, 52, pp.81~106 (2007)
- Fuller, R. J, "Benefits of organic farming to biodiversity vary among taxa", Biol. Lett, 1, pp.431~434 (2005)[DOI]
- Hesler, L. S., "Arthropod fauna of conventional and organic rice fields in California", J. Econ. Entomol, 86, pp.86~ (1993)
- Hole, D. G., "Does organic farming benefit biodiversity?", Biol. Conserv, 122, pp.113~130 (2005)
- IFOAM, "Norms for organic production and processing: IFOAM basic standards", IFOAM, 148~ (2005)
- Distribution of Korean spiders, "Kim, S. T.", National Institute of Biological Resources, 1624~ (2016)
- Knipling, E. F, "Entomology and the Management of Man’s Environment", Aus. J. Entomol, 11, pp.153~167 (1972)
- Landis, D. A., "Habitat management to conserve natural enemies of arthropod pests in agriculture", Annu. Rev. Entomol, 45, pp.175~201 (2000)
- Lee, H. P., "Utilization of insect natural enemies and spiders for the biological control in rice paddy field, community structure of insect pest and spiders, suppress effect on insect pest by natural enemies, and their over wintering habitats in rice paddy field", RDA J. Agri. Sci. (Agri. Inst. Coop.), 35, pp.261~274 (1993)
- Legner, E. F., "Spiders on apple in Wisconsin and their abundance in a natural and two artificial environments", Canadian Entomologist, 96, pp.1202~1207 (1964)
- Nyffeler, M., "Spiders in natural pest control: a review", J. Appl. Entomol, 103, pp.321~329 (1987)
- Pedigo, L. P., "Economic Injury Levels in Theory and Practice", Ann. Rev. Entomol, 31, pp.341~368 (1986)
- Pimental, D., "Conserving biological diversity in agricultural", forestry systems, 1992, pp.42, 354~362
- Riechert, S. E., "Spiders as biological control agents", Ann. Rev. Entomol, 29, pp.299~320 (1984)
- SAS Institute, "SAS 9.1.2 Qualitication tools users guide", SAS Institute, ~ (2004)
- Shannon, C. E., "The mathematical theory of communication" (1949), University of Illinois Press
- Specht, H. B., "Spider populations in New Jersey apple orchards", J. Econ. Ent, 53, pp.810~814 (1960)
- Sunderland, K, "Mechanisms underlying the effects of spiders on pest populations", J. Arachnol, 27, pp.308~316 (1999)
- Theiling, K. M., "Pesticide side-effects on arthropod natural enemies:A database summary", Agri. Ecosys. Enviro, 21(3-4), pp.191~218 (1988)
- "National Organic Program standards" (2001)[URL]
- Way, M. J., "The role of biodiversity in the dynamics and management of insect pests of tropical irrigated rice-a review", Bull. Entomol. Res, 84, pp.567~587 (1994)
- "World Spider Catalog. Version 20.0" (2019)[URL]
- Wyss, E., "The impact of spiders on aphid populations in a strip-managed apple orchard", J. Appl. Entomol, 119, pp.473~478 (1995)
- Jung-Sun Yoo, "Bibliographic checklist of Korean spiders (Arachnida: Araneae) ver. 2015", Journal of Species Research, 4, pp.1~112 (2015), 국립생물자원관
- Zehnder, G., "Arthropod pest management in organic crops", Annu. Rev. Entomol, 52, pp.57~80 (2007)