자폐범주성아동과 또래간 감정을 나타내는 AAC 상징 인식 비교 연구
Perception for Aided-Symbols Despiting Emotions in Children with Autism Spectrum Disorders
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초록
본 연구는 자폐성장애아동들과 그 또래아동들이 감정을 표현하는 그림 상징을 보고 그 상징을 어떻게 명명하는지, 또한 감정이 설명되어 있는 짧은 글을 듣거나 읽고 난 뒤, 그 내용에 맞는 그림 상징을 선택하게 될 상황에서, 어떤 선택을 하는지를 비교하여 알아보고자 하였다. 연구대상으로 자폐성장애아동 15명과 같은 학년 또래 아동 15명이 참여하였고, 연구도구로 상징인식 설문 과제지를 사용하였다. 설문과제에 쓰인 그림 상징은 PCS™ (Picture Communication Symbols)이고, 해당감정으로 Ekman (1972)의 기본 감정 중 유아기까지 발달한다는 ‘기쁘다’, ‘슬프다’, ‘화나다’, ‘두렵다’의 4가지 감정에 대한 인식과제를 수행하였다. 연구대상자들로부터 수집된 자료의 신뢰도와 중재충실도를 구하였다. 자료는 기술통계 방법과 독립표본 Mann-Whitney의 U 검정을 활용하여 분석, 비교하였다. 연구 결과, 자폐성장애아동들은 ‘기쁘다’를 나타내는 상징에 가장 높은 정반응률을 나타냈고, “두렵다”에 대한 상징에 대하여 가장 낮은 정반응률을 나타내었다. 또래 아동들은 ‘슬프다’에 가장 높은 정반응률을 나타내었고, ‘두렵다’의 감정을 나타내는 상징을 명명할 때 보다 많은 오류를 나타내었다. 또한 자폐범주성장애아동들은 ‘슬프다’와 ‘두렵다’를 표현하는 상징을 명명하는데 또래 아동들보다 통계적으로 유의미한 오류를 많이 보였다. 또한 그림상징을 선택하는 과제에서는 자폐범주성장애 아동들이 네 가지 감정을 모두 그 의미를 나타내는 상징을 선택하는데 통계적으로 유의미한 오류를 많이 보였다. 감정의 상황을 설명하는 스크립트가 제공되었을 때, 두 집단에게 아무 정보 없이 목표 감정을 명명하는 과제보다 목표감정의 그림 상징을 선택하는 수가 늘어났다. 이 연구를 통해 자폐범주성장애 아동들을 위하여 AAC 상징을 선택하고 훈련하는데, 참고하고 지향해야 할 사항을 논의하였다.
Abstract
The purpose of this study was to compare the perception on symbols depicting four emotions between children with autism spectrum disorders and their peers. 15 children with autism spectrum disorders and 15 their peers did two tasks: The task 1 was to name each symbol respectively and the task 2 was to select a symbol after listening or reading a script which described an emotion such as happy, sad, angry, and afraid. The data were analyzed using statistics to compare the results from the two groups. As results, the symbols depicting happy was easiest to name among four emotions in both groups. However, children with autism spectrum disorders showed lower perception on the symbols depicting four emotions from naming and selecting tasks compared to their peers. Therefore it is cautious for special educators, speech pathologist, or professionals to choose and use AAC symbols at the early stage in AAC training. Also symbol learning sessions are necessary to reduce some discrepancy on symbol perception of some emotions between the children with autism spectrum disorders and their communication partners
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