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자폐성장애아동에서 감각-기반 중재의 효과

Effects of Sensory-Based Interventions in Children with Autism Spectrum Disorders

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초록

연구목적: 본 연구는 자폐성장애아동의 감각-기반 중재의 효과를 연구한 연구들을 고찰하고, 자폐성장애아동 치료적 가이드라인을 제시하고자 한다. 연구방법: DBpia, Kiss, Ovid, MEDLINE, PubMed, 구글학술검색을 통해 논문을 검색하였으며, 2000년부터 2017년까지 게재된 자폐성장애를 가진 아동을 대상으로 감각-기반 중재의 효과를 알아 본 실험연구만을 포함하였다. 검색어로는 연구의 대상자인 ‘자폐‘, ‘autism'과 감각-기반 중재에서 주로 쓰이는 도구 및 중재법들인 ‘공의자’, ‘무게감 있는 조끼’, ‘그네’, ‘감각식이’, ‘압박’, '청취‘, 'dynamic seating', 'therapy ball', 'deep pressure', ’weight vest', 'swing', 'wilbarger protocol', 'sensory diet', ‘sensory activity' 등을 사용하였다. 그 결과, 19건의 연구가 분석대상이 되었다. 연구결과: 솔질이나 마사지 등을 이용한 움직임 가능한 의자의 연구 7건, 압박중재 4건, 무게감 있는 조끼중재 4건, 그네나 바운싱공 등을 이용한 전정감각중재 3건, 공이나 쿠션 등을 적용한 청각통합프로그램에 관한 연구가 1건이었으며 중재별 결과는 상이하게 나타났다. 결론: 본 연구에서 살펴본 자폐성장애아동을 대상으로 한 감각-기반 중재의 효과는 각 중재마다 상이하게 나타났다. 그러나 연구 설계, 각각의 연구들마다 상이한 결과 등으로 인해 기존의 연구로는 일반화하기 어렵다는 제한점이 있었다. 본 연구는 자폐성장애아동을 대상으로 한 감각-기반 중재를 각 중재별로 효과를 검증했다는 것에 의의를 가지며 향후 자폐성장애아동의 감각통합중재에 대한 체계적이고 높은 수준의 연구들이 진행되길 기대하는 바이다.

Abstract

Purpose: This study aims to discuss the studies that investigated effects of sensory-based interventions in children with autism spectrum disorders and to propose therapeutic guidelines for the children. Method: This study searched the articles about children with autism spectrum disorders through DBPIA, KISS, AJOT, MEDLINE, PUBMED and Google Scholar and included the experimental studies that investigated the effects of sensory-based interventions in children with autism spectrum disorders, published from 2000 through 2017. As for search words, the research subject, ‘autism’ and the tools and interventions mainly used for sensory-based interventions, including ‘dynamic seating’, ‘therapy ball’, ‘deep pressure’, ‘weight vest’, ‘swing’, ‘Wilbarger protocol’, ‘sensory diet’ and ‘sensory activity’ were employed. As the results, 19 studies were analyzed. Results: There were seven studies of movable chairs using brushing or massage; four of pressure intervention; four of weighted vest intervention; three of vestibular sense intervention using a swing or bouncing ball; and one of an auditory integration program applying a ball or cushion. The results were differed depending on the interventions. Conclusion: The effects of sensory-based interventions in children with autism spectrum disorders investigated in this study were differed depending on the intervention. However, due to the differences in the research design and the results of each study, there was a limitation in generalizing the existing studies. This study has a significance that it verified the effects of each intervention in sensory-based interventions in children with autism spectrum disorders, and it is expected that systematic and high-level studies of sensory integration interventions for children with autism spectrum disorders will be conducted in the future.

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