꼴라쥬를 활용한 일반유아와의 협력적 미술치료 프로그램이 발달장애유아의 언어능력, 대인관계 및 주의력 향상에 미치는 효과

Abstract

The purpose of this study was to examine the effect of an art therapy program by collage on the verbal skills, interpersonal relationship and attention of preschoolers with developmental disabilities. The subjects in this study were three preschoolers with developmental disabilities and three nondisabled preschoolers. An art therapy program that employed collage was provided to them in 33 sessions in the form of cooperative learning, and a pretest-posttest-retention test design was adopted to find out the effect of the program on their receptive and expressive language, interpersonal relationship and attention. The collective averages of the preschoolers in the pretest, posttest and retention test were calculated to determine the effect of the program on the verbal skills, interpersonal relationship and attention of the preschoolers with developmental disabilities, and Friedman test was carried out. After the intervention program was implemented, the following findings were given:First, the art therapy program that utilized collage was effective at boosting the verbal skills(receptive and expressive language) of the preschoolers with developmental disabilities. Second, the art therapy program that utilized collage was effective at improving the interpersonal relationship of the preschoolers with developmental disabilities. Third, the art therapy program that utilized collage was effective at bolstering the attention of the preschoolers with developmental disabilities. Based on the findings of the study, there are some suggestions:First, collage-based art therapy programs have mainly been used to improve attention so far, but this study made it clear that the collage-based art therapy program had a good effect on all the verbal skills, interpersonal relationship and attention of the preschoolers with developmental disabilities. The preschoolers with developmental disabilities whose verbal skills lagged behind had more chances to express themselves while they made works by employing collage and talked to one another, and the activities also enabled them to boost their communication skills, which served, in turn, to bring a favorable change to their attention as well. Thus, the art therapy program that employed collage allowed the preschoolers to understand each other, to satisfy their own needs and to express themselves in the course of being naturally engaged in cooperative art activities. Therefore the collage-based art therapy program could be said to be one of effective verbal intervention methods. In the future, sustained research efforts should be channeled into verifying the effect of art therapy programs on preschoolers with developmental disabilities whose characteristics are different. Second, preschoolers with developmental disabilities usually have difficulties in interpersonal relationship, and they find it hard to concentrate their attention and interact with nondisabled preschoolers. Moreover, they are aggressive in a negative manner. But they will be able to express their ideas and then to improve their interpersonal relationship and attention while they learn with nondisabled preschoolers, helping and talking with each other. Accordingly, a variety of collage- based art therapy programs tailored to different sorts of disabilities should be developed to make the programs more accessible to teachers and disabled preschoolers.