회복적 교정 프로그램의 활용 가능성에 관한 고찰
A Study on the Possibility of Utilizing the Restorative Program in a Corrections
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“죄를 지으면 벌 받는다”는 사실이 당연한 명제인양 받아들이고 있기에 오히려 죄와 벌의 본질이 묻혀버릴 수도 있다. 벌 받아야만 하는 죄인이기에 그들의 형집행 장소인 교도소를 놓고 이야기하자면 당연하게 여기는 명제의 한계에 부딪혀 혼란스럽다. 아침저녁으로 바뀌는 오늘날 세상에 교도소에 대한 지금까지의 태도는 언제까지 유지되어야 하는가? 범죄자 처우에 있어서 보다 더 나은 방법은 있는가? 그동안 죄와 벌의 확고부동한 틀로 자리 잡은 형사사법체계는 그러한 혼란을 다듬고자 다양한 길을 모색하였고, 그 다양한 길의 하나로 회복적 이념에 바탕을 둔 회복적 사법체계가 제기되었다. 대부분의 회복적 프로그램은 교도소와는 거리가 있는 듯하다. 물론 그동안 교도소 내에서 회복적 프로그램을 어떻게 하면 효율적으로 이용할 수 있는지에 대해서 탐구하려는 노력이 있어왔으며, 회복 원리와 가치에 바탕을 두고 있는 회복적 교정 시스템이라는 발상이 가능한지 여부를 탐구하는 노력도 없지 않다. 오늘날 구금 방식의 교도소는 기본적으로 범죄자를 사회에서 배척한다는 인식에 바탕을 두고 있다. 살행에 있어서 많은 논란이 있지만, 소통과 화합이 바람직한 방향이라는 데에는 의문의 여지가 없다. 이 글은 감금하고, 차단하고, 숨겨두는 오늘날의 범죄자에 대한 처벌에 있어서 전통적인 구금이 아닌 다른 방안, 예를 들어 회복적 교정이 가능한가, 구금을 통해서도 회복적 사법의 이념을 꾀할 수 있는지에 대한 논의에 대하여 외국의 경우를 놓고 고찰하고자 한다.
Abstract
The essence of crime and punishment can be covered up with the proposition that “Sinners are to be punished.” which is generally accepted without question. When we talk about “prison”, the place where sinners are executed according to the obvious proposition, we are confused when facing the limit of the proposition. Until when should the perspective toward the prison be kept in this world of full of changes? Is there any better ways on the treatment of criminals?In the meantime, the retributive justice system that was regarded as the unshakable framework of crime and punishment has been exploring various ways to deal with such confusion. As one of the various ways, a restorative justice system based on the ideology of restoration was suggested. The ideology of restoration on crime and punishment has been discussed in various judicial areas. It seems that most of the restorative programs have some distance from prisons. However, in the meantime, there has been efforts to explore ways how to utilize the correction system effectively and whether the idea of restorative correction system based on the principles and values of restoration is possible or not in the prison. Nevertheless, today’s imprisonment basically is based on the perception that the criminals should be excluded from the society. It is without question that communication and unity is desirable despite there is much controversy on implementation of that idea. Above all, the ideology of restoration is far from exclusion. This article investigates on the idea of seeking possibility of implementation on the philosophy of restorative justice. Instead of traditional way of punishment such as imprisonment, blocking, confinement, we will look into possibilities on implementation of other restorative corrections such as restoration, inclusion, or repatriation through imprisonment by referring overseas examples.
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