핀란드 교정개혁의 전개와 특징: 1950-2011
Penal Reform in Finland: 1950-2011
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이 연구는 핀란드 교정개혁의 특징을 분석함으로써, 핀란드의 교정 정책을 이해하고개혁의 한국적 함의를 도출하고자 했다. 연구는 먼저, 핀란드 교정체계와 교정행정의현황을 파악하고, 교정개혁의 특징을 역사적 전개에 따라 분석하였다. 20세기 중반까지핀란드의 교정행정은 내전과 2차 세계대전의 여파로 혼돈과 갈등의 시기를 보였으나, 1950년대 교정 제도를 정비하고 전문화하는 등 정상화의 길로 나아갔다. 핀란드는1960년대 이후 북유럽식 교정제도의 형태를 빠르게 갖춰 나가기 시작했고, 1990년대중반 이후 커져가는 처벌 강화 요구에도 불구하고, 인도적이고 합리적인 교정 정책을포기하지 않으며 현재에 이르렀다. 핀란드 교정개혁의 특징은 첫째, 교정개혁이 국제적협력 속에서 진행되었고, 둘째, 무엇보다 수형자의 수를 줄이는 것에 초점이 맞춰졌으며, 셋째, 다른 사회정책과 긴밀하고 체계적인 연계 속에서 발전했다는 점이다. 특히, 핀란드의 국제협력과 사회정책과의 연계, 그리고 신중하게 준비되고 토론된 과정은 우리에게시사하는 바가 크다.
Abstract
The purpose of the study is to explore the penal policy in Finland and understand its implications for Korea. Firstly, this study analysed penal system and the characteristic of penal reform in Finland from historical perspective. Finland underwent hard time due to civil war and the Second World War in the early 20th centuries. They overcame, however, those situations and stepped into the normalisation period in 1950s. Since 1960s, they have accepted Nordic penal system, which is more reasonable and humanitarian, and maintained it so far, even though the public demanded much more tougher sentence for offence in 1990s. The characteristics of penal reform of Finland are as followed: First, it is based on international cooperation, especially with Nordic countries. Second, the purpose of the reform focused on reducing prison population. Third, it has developed and enhanced by systematic cooperation with other social policies. For Korea, it is remarkable that Finland cooperated Scandinavian neighbours and other government authorities, and discussed thoughtfully before they implemented it.
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