미국의 알코올 및 약물 남용자에 대한 처벌과 치료에 관한 고찰
A Study on the Punishment and Treatment for Substance Abusers in the U.S
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참고문헌
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초록
21세기 들어 알코올 및 약물중독의 문제는 범죄, 실업, 가족구성원간의 갈등 및 불화, 마찰의 증가, 그리고 개인적 심리사회적 고통과 같은 심각한 사회문제의 주된 원인이 되고 있다. 이로 인해 개인은 신체적, 정신적, 사회적 건강의 위협을 받고 있으며, 많은 국가에서는 이러한 문제를 해결하기위해 많은 사회적, 경제적 대책을 모색하고 있다. 이러한 문제의 대응에 있어서는 물론 다양하고 구체적인 해결 방안이 제시될 수 있으나, 이러한 해결방안들은 궁극적으로 ‘예방 및 치료’ 또는 ‘처벌’이라는 두 가지로 견해로 구분되어 진다. 본 논문은 이러한 두 가지 견해를 중심으로, 미국사회가 알코올 및 마약중독에 관한 문제의 해결을 위해 어떠한 선택을 했는지에 대한 고찰을 진행하였다. 이러한 연구의 목적을 위해, 본 연구는 미국의 약물퇴치정책에 관한 소사(小史), 사회적 의미로서의 중독의 개념과 이에 따른 해결방안, 마약과 범죄와의 관련성, 치료의 효율성 측면에 대한 고찰, 음주운전자의 치료와 처벌의 효율성에 대한 비교, 그리고 치료와 처벌에 관한 비용-효과 분석에 관해 논의하였다.
Abstract
In the twenty-first century, drug and alcohol abuse will continue to bring about social problems such as crime, lost occupational productivity, increased family conflicts, and personal misery. For most societies this will result in significant health, social, and economic costs. According to the American Medical Association, the most common disease encountered by physicians today is substance abuse, and the 2001 National Household Survey on Drug Abuse reported that 15.9 million Americans aged twelve or older had used an illicit drug in the month prior to the survey. Clearly, substance abuse is a social problem that must be addressed. Most proposals for dealing with substance abuse and abusers tend to emphasis either treatment or punishment. Taking a balanced and critical look at both alternatives, this article covers the following topics: 1) the history of substance-abuse policy; 2) conceptions of addiction—i. e. addiction as immoral conduct, as disease, or as maladaptive behavior; 3) substance abuse and the criminal justice system; 4) effectiveness of treatment for substance abuse 5) effectiveness of treatment and punishment among drunk drivers; 6) a comparison of the respective cost-effectiveness of treatment and punishment and 7) conclusions.
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